Comparing the characteristics of positional and nonpositional sleep apnea patients among the Jordanian population.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common cause of sleep-disordered breathing with a large proportion of the patients exhibiting positional OSA (POSA). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the differences in the demographics, comorbidities, and polysomnographic features between POSA and non-POSA (NPOSA) in a Jordanian sample to further discern the propulsive elements for each group.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated 1037 adult patients with OSA. POSA was defined as an overall apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) >5, an overall AHI severity at least 1.4 times the nonsupine severity (overall/NS-AHI), and a minimum amount of time (i.e., 20 min) in the supine and nonsupine positions. To compare the clinical characteristics between POSA and NPOSA patients, statistical analyses were performed.

Results: The prevalence of POSA was 41.7%. In comparison to NPOSA patients, POSA patients had higher female sex prevalence, milder OSA, lower body mass index, lower hypertension prevalence, and lower hemoglobin A1C levels compared to NPOSA patients. Moreover, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and supine sleep time were significantly higher in POSA patients. Nonsupine sleep time, total AHI, rapid eye movement (REM) AHI, non-REM (NREM) AHI, supine AHI, nonsupine AHI, left and right AHI, mean oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO₂) awake, mean REM and NREM SpO₂, SpO₂ nadir, and time SpO₂ below 90% were significantly lower among POSA patients. The multivariate regression analysis showed that only female gender and hypertension were significantly associated with POSA.

Conclusion: POSA is common among OSA patients and demonstrates different clinical characteristics in comparison to NPOSA. Future prospective studies are needed to better characterize the POSA patients and investigate the benefit of positional therapy.