食用油生产技术效率评价——以肯尼亚Kieni West选区油菜籽生产为例

Crispas Muiru Wambui, E. Majiwa
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在全球范围内,由于中国等新兴国家的粮食消费增加以及对生物燃料的高需求,植物油需求正在增长。目前,2016/2017年世界蔬菜产量估计为1.87亿吨。在估计的植物油产量中,7030万吨(37.6%)来自棕榈和棕榈仁,5500万吨(30%)来自大豆,其余32.5%来自菜籽油、向日葵油、花生油和棉籽油。由于对食用油的需求很高,目前的产量无法满足目前的需求,油菜生产正在成为肯尼亚的一种重要作物。本研究使用随机生产前沿方法和随机选择的46名油菜籽农民样本,评估了Kieni West选区的油菜籽生产效率及其决定因素。测量的产出和投入变量包括油菜籽生产总量、油菜籽生产下的土地面积、油菜籽种子数量、劳动力数量和肥料数量。还评估了油菜种植的总投入成本和收入。平均技术效率得分为0.97,其中50%的农场是有效率的。油菜产量的决定因素包括农民的性别、农民的年龄、农民的教育年限和家庭成员的数量。油菜生产是有利可图的,农民的平均收入为肯尼亚先令。96532.61(965.32美元),利润为肯尼亚先令。76413.04(764.13美元)。因此,该研究建议,政策制定者有必要推广这种作物,将其作为该地区常见的其他作物的替代品,如玉米和咖啡,这些作物的回报率低于油菜籽。应该特别采取措施推广这种作物,特别是在年轻的油菜籽种植者中,他们被发现比年长的农民更有效率。肯尼亚也没有现成的种子,因此应该采取措施帮助农民获得高质量的油菜籽种子。关键词:卡诺拉,技术效率,决定因素,基尼西选区。
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Evaluation of technical efficiency of edible oil production: The case of canola production in Kieni West Constituency, Kenya
Globally, the vegetable oil demand is growing due to rising food consumption in emerging countries such as China and due to the high demand for biofuels. The current world vegetable production estimates stand at 187 million tons for the year 2016/2017. Of the estimated vegetable oil production, 70.3 million tons (37.6%) comes from palm and palm kernel, 55 million tons (30%) arise from soybean while the remaining 32.5% are supplied by canola, sunflower, peanut and cottonseed oils. Canola production is becoming an important crop in Kenya due to the high demand for edible oils, with the current production not meeting the current demand. This study evaluates canola production efficiency in Kieni West Constituency and its determinants using a stochastic production frontier approach and a sample of randomly selected 46 canola farmers. The output and input variables measured included the total amount of canola produced, land size under canola production, quantity of canola seeds, labour quantity engaged, and fertilizer quantity. The total input costs and income from canola farming were also evaluated. The mean technical efficiency score was 0.97 with 50% of the farms being efficient. The determinants of canola production included gender of the farmer, age of the farmer, years of schooling of the farmer and number of household members. Canola production was found profitable with the farmers earning an average income of Kshs. 96532.61 (965.32 US$) and a profit of Kshs. 76413.04 (764.13 US$) per season. Thus, the study recommends that there is need for policy makers to promote the crop as an alternative to other crops grown commonly in the area such as maize and coffee which have less return than canola. Measures should specifically be put in place to popularize the crop especially among the younger canola farmers who were found to be more efficient than the older farmers. Seed is also not readily available in Kenya, hence measures that would help farmers’ access high quality canola seeds should be put in place. Key words: Canola, technical efficiency, determinants, Kieni West Constituency.
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