Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum of the Cervical Spine in an Iranian Woman: Report of a Case With Myelopathy and Review of the Literature

Background and Importance: Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a pathological condition that affects the yellow ligaments, mostly in adult males between the ages of 45 to 70. Ossification is more common in the thoracolumbar region with an accompanying progressive neurological deficit, and its occurrence within the cervical spine is quite rare. Ossification of the yellow ligament is so common in East Asian countries that it is regarded as a frequently occurring aging pathology in the people of this region. Its existence in other ethnic groups is significantly lower. Case Presentation: A 68-year-old Iranian woman with progressive quadriparesis is presented. Cervical computerized tomography and MRI scans revealed two-level, bilateral, posteriorly located, ossified masses occurring at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels, which coincided with the ossification of the yellow ligament. Cervical laminectomy and excision of both masses were undertaken and the patient gradually recovered from his resultant neurological symptoms. Conclusion: Symptomatic cervical OLF is a markedly rare pathological finding and is typically illustrated as a medical case report. In a careful review of the literature including the presented patient, we could uncover only 77 cases involving a documented symptomatic cervical OLF.