油棕栽培对土壤物理性质的影响及其与油棕产量和腐烂的关系

IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Revista Digital Lampsakos Pub Date : 2017-06-28 DOI:10.21501/21454086.2390
Gelber Norberto Gutierrez-Palacio
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究旨在客观量化油棕(Elaeis guineensis)种植过程中土壤中的物理影响,为此在Guaicaramo Ltda种植园开展了全面的测量、观察和抽样活动。位于哥伦比亚梅塔省巴兰卡德乌皮亚市,耕地面积约1890公顷。对该作物典型区域(街道、板地和带状棒地)土壤物理特性的定性和定量分析是确定其物理状况的基础,并确定这些特性、作物生产力和称为芽腐病(BRD)之间可能存在的关系。所获得的结果可以确定作物不同区域的压实现象的发展,这决定了孔隙度的减少,气体交换能力的减少和土壤渗透能力的减少;所有这些因素都是造成排水不当、水过量、地段淹水以及在某些情况下地表径流过多的决定因素;限制植物有效利用养分的条件。此外,还可以观察到土壤压实与BRD之间的现有关系,其中土壤是使植物易患该疾病的一种媒介,而不是同一种疾病的致病媒介。
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Efecto del cultivo de palma de aceite sobre las propiedades físicas del suelo y su relación con la producción y la pudrición de cogollo
The research was to objective quantify physical affectation that occurs in soils for the cultivation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), for which it carried out a comprehensive campaign of measurements, observations and sampling in the plantation Guaicaramo Ltda., located in the municipality of Barranca de Upia, department of Meta, Colombia, on a cultivated area of approximately 1890 hectares. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the physical properties of the soils in the zones typical of the crop (street, plate, and zone sticks) served as the basis for the determination of their physical condition and to establish that can be present between these properties, the productivity of the crop and the disease known as bud rot (BRD). The obtained results allowed to identify the development of  compaction phenomena  in different zones of the crop, which determined as a consequence the reduction of the porosity, the reduction of the capacity of gaseous exchange and the reduction of the capacity of infiltration of the soil; all of them, determinant factors of the conditions observed of inappropriate drainage, water excesses, flooding of lots and in some cases of excessive surface runoff; conditions that restrict the efficient utilization of nutrients by plants. Also it was possible to observe the existing relation between the compaction of the soils and the BRD, where the soil acts as an agent who predisposes the plant to contract the disease and not as a causative agent of the same one.
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Revista Digital Lampsakos
Revista Digital Lampsakos ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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