棉兰市1909-1930年代的城市卫生问题及其解决措施

Kiki Maulana Affandi, Budi Agustono, Fikarwin Zuska
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引用次数: 1

摘要

棉兰市自19世纪末以来的发展不仅表明了城市基础设施的变化,还造成了城市卫生问题,如贫民窟、工业和家庭垃圾以及河流污染。本研究旨在解释棉兰市的卫生问题以及克服这些问题的努力。本研究采用了启发式、来源批评、解释和史学等历史方法。所使用的来源包括档案、文件、城市报告、城市概况、会议记录、当代报纸和其他与本研究相关的来源。结果表明,该市的卫生问题是由居民、种植公司和市政府机构本身的习惯造成的。尽管城市预算有限,但通过发展城市卫生解决了这些各种卫生问题。这项城市卫生发展工作的重点是当地人的公共浴室项目和下水道系统的建设。自19世纪末以来,棉兰市的发展显示出该市预测方面的变化,但也带来了城市卫生问题,如污泥沉降、工业和家庭垃圾以及河流污染。本研究的目的是解释棉兰市的卫生问题以及正在进行的撤离工作。这项研究使用了历史方法,包括启发式、批判性来源、解释和史学。使用的来源包括档案、文件、城市报告、城市树叶、简报、季节性报纸和其他与本研究相关的来源。研究表明,城市的卫生问题是由人们、农业公司和城市政府机构的习惯造成的。尽管城市预算有限,但通过建设城市卫生设施,许多卫生问题都得到了解决。该市的卫生工作显示出对土地上居民的公共浴室项目以及该市污水处理系统的开发的关注。引用本文:Abfandi,K.M.,Agustono,B.,Zuska,F.(2022)。1909-1930年代棉兰市的城市卫生问题及其克服措施。帕拉米塔:《历史研究杂志》,〔UNK〕32(1),45-56。http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31353
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Urban Sanitation Problems and the Efforts to Overcome it in Medan City, 1909-1930s
The growth of the city of Medan since the end of the 19th century had not only shown changes in terms of city infrastructure but also caused problems of urban sanitation such as slum settlements, industrial and household waste as well as river pollution. This study aims to explain sanitation problems in Medan City and the efforts to overcome them. This study used historical methods consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The sources used are archives, documents, city reports, city sheets, meeting minutes, contemporary newspapers, and other sources relevant to this study. The results show that the city's sanitation problems are caused by the habits of residents, plantation companies and institutions in the city government itself. These various sanitation problems were solved by developing urban sanitation despite having a limited city budget. This city sanitation development effort was focused on the aspects of public bathroom projects for the natives and the construction of a sewer system.Pertumbuhan Kota Medan sejak akhir abad 19 memperlihatkan perubahan dari sisi prasarana kota namun juga memberikan permasalahan sanitasi kota seperti permukiman kumuh, limbah industri dan rumah tangga serta pencemaran sungai. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan permasalahan sanitasi di Kota Medan dan upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan adalah arsip, dokumen, laporan kota, lembaran kota, notulen rapat, surat kabar sezaman, dan sumber lain yang relevan dengan studi ini. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa masalah sanitasi kota disebabkan oleh kebiasaan penduduk, perusahaan perkebunan dan institusi pada pemerintah kota itu sendiri. Berbagai permasalahan sanitasi tersebut diatasi dengan membangun sanitasi kota meskipun memiliki anggaran kota yang terbatas. Usaha pembangunan sanitasi kota ini memperlihatkan konsentrasi dan kepedulian dalam bidang proyek kamar mandi umum bagi penduduk bumiputra dan pembangunan sistem saluran pembuangan limbah kota.Cite this article: Affandi, K.M., Agustono, B., Zuska, F. (2022). Urban Sanitation Problems and the Efforts to Overcome It in Medan City, 1909–1930s. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 45-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31353 
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