为什么近代早期的大规模监禁很重要:班贝格监狱,1627 - 1631

Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI:10.1093/jsh/shac066
Spencer J Weinreich
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:1627年,在班贝格迫害最激烈的时候(1595-1631),王子主教区建造了Malefizhaus(“巫术之家”),这是第一座专门用于单独监禁的牢房监狱。本文恢复了马勒菲扎的历史,以确立监禁和尸体制度对早期现代女巫热的重要性。监狱立即将追捕的意识形态具体化,并提供了一种可怕的迫害武器,提取供词,没有供词,任何审问运动都无法运作。通过重建Malefizhaus独特的建筑和内部制度,本文展示了早期现代审讯的复杂性,这一过程被对酷刑的过度兴趣所扭曲。在认识到马勒菲扎乌斯是迫害的推动者后,我们有可能认识到监狱对班贝格17世纪历史的影响——破坏政治和经济关系,分散人口,规范社会生活。班贝格女巫监狱的案例与监狱研究的现代主义倾向背道而驰,证明中世纪和现代早期的尸体制度塑造了他们社会的历史,尽管规模较小,国家机构较弱。反过来,文章认为,为研究当代大规模监禁而开发的尸体研究的关键工具可以有益地应用于前现代的实践和制度,从而深入了解暴力模式、镇压结构的发展以及作为历史范畴的“犯罪”问题。
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Why Early Modern Mass Incarceration Matters: The Bamberg Malefizhaus, 1627–31
Abstract:In 1627, at the height of the Bamberg witch-hunt (1595–1631), the prince-bishopric erected the Malefizhaus ("witchcraft-house"), the first cellular prison purpose-built for solitary confinement. This article recovers the history of the Malefizhaus to establish the importance of imprisonment and carceral institutions to the early modern witch-craze. The prison at once concretized the ideology of the hunt and furnished a fearsome weapon of persecution, extracting the confessions without which no inquisitorial campaign could function. By reconstructing the singular architecture and internal regimen of the Malefizhaus, this article demonstrates the sophistication of early modern interrogations, a process distorted by an outsized interest in torture. Having recognized the Malefizhaus as a driver of the witch-hunt, it is possible to recognize the prison's impact upon Bamberg's seventeenth-century history—disrupting political and economic relationships, dis-placing populations, and disciplining social life. The case of the Bamberg witches' prison counters the modernist slant of the study of the prison, proof that medieval and early modern carceral institutions shaped the history of their societies, despite smaller scales and weaker state apparatuses. In turn, the essay argues that the critical tools of carceral studies, developed to study contemporary mass incarceration, can profitably be applied to premodern practices and institutions, offering insight into patterns of violence, the development of repressive structures, and the problems of "crime" as a historical category.
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