地中海典型小规模森林中不同木材采伐系统的评估:意大利南部的一个案例研究

M. Cataldo, A. Proto, G. Macrì, G. Zimbalatti
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引用次数: 7

摘要

在世界许多地区,小型采伐设备在林业中的使用正在增加,以拖拉机为基础的系统是最常见的小型林业设备类型。这种设备比先进的林业机器更小、更便宜、生产力更低,方法的选择取决于森林的具体情况。在意大利南部,主要条件是小规模林业的特点:采伐面积和数量有限,地面开采仍然是最常见的采伐技术。意大利小规模林业传统上采用的两种收割系统是使用绞盘或配有抓斗的农用拖拉机进行木材提取的收割系统。采用连续时间研究来确定生产率和木材提取成本,并为这两种不同的木材采伐系统开发打滑时间预测模型,这两种系统用于典型的地中海森林、栗树和银杉疏伐作业。绞车和抓斗提取的比较显示生产率存在显著差异(分别为2.91和5.92 m3 h-1)。显著影响生产率差异的因素是提取距离和每转有效载荷。该研究得出结论,农用拖拉机可用于小规模收割作业,其结果可用于设定计件率、设计和合理化工作以及估计成本。为了维持小规模收割设备的有效性,应在森林中规划滑行道。需要鼓励使用农用拖拉机,将其作为小规模林业作业中自给自足的另一种生产力方法。
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Evaluation of different wood harvesting systems in typical Mediterranean small-scale forests: a Southern Italian case study
Use of small-scale harvesting equipment in forestry is increasing in many regions of the world and tractor-based systems are the most common type of small-scale forestry equipment. This equipment is smaller, less expensive and less productive than advanced forestry machines and the choice of method depends on forest site-specific conditions. In southern Italy the prevailing conditions are those characteristic of small-scale forestry: harvested areas and volume are limited and ground-based extraction is still the most common harvesting technique. Two harvesting systems conventionally adopted in Italian small-scale forestry are those using either winch or grapple fitted farm tractors for wood extraction. A continuous time study was adopted to determine productivity rates and wood extraction costs and develop skidding time prediction models for these two different wood harvesting systems as used in typical Mediterranean forests, in chestnut and silver fir thinning operations. Comparing winch and grapple extraction revealed considerable differences in productivity (2.91 and 5.92 m3 h-1 respectively). Factors significantly affecting productivity differences were extraction distance and payload per turn. The study concluded that farm tractors can be used for small scale harvesting operations and its results can be used to set piece rates, design and rationalize work and estimate costs. In order to sustain small-scale harvesting equipment effectiveness, skid trails should be planned in forests. The use of farm tractors needs to be encouraged as an alternative self-sufficient productivity method in small-scale forestry operations.
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来源期刊
Annals of Silvicultural Research
Annals of Silvicultural Research Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Forestry
CiteScore
2.70
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0.00%
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