冬小麦品种“Zodiak”根据不同作物和播期的栽培特点

A. Popov, G. Ovsyannikova, A. Sukharev, I. K. Kopman, D. Marchenko, I. Fetyukhin
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摘要

目前的研究是在罗斯托夫地区南部粮食种植技术实验室的农业技术作物轮作中进行的。本研究的目的是确定前茬和播种时间等因素对冬季普通小麦品种“Zodiak”生产力和籽粒质量的影响。在研究过程中,发现“Zodiak”的产量高达9.70吨/公顷。已经证实,“Zodiak”品种的高度适应性使其有可能在不同的播种日期获得高产,然而,在该地区的最佳时间(9月20日和30日)播种时,有形成最大生产力的趋势。研究发现,在黑色休耕区播种的作物的高产率是由生产茎数(高达596根/m2)和人均生产力(人均谷粒数高达31.3粒,人均谷重高达1.42克)保证的。对于播种时间较晚的变体中的所有前作物,与播种日期较早相比,人均谷粒数(减少6.2-22.9%)和人均谷粒质量(减少1.7-11.7%)都有所下降。生化分析表明,在黑色休耕地和豌豆播种后,产量最高的谷物平均蛋白质百分比分别高达14.1%和13.3%。已经证实,即使在向日葵之后播种,品种“Zodiak”也可以形成高质量的谷物(蛋白质含量为12.3-12.6%,面筋含量为22.5-23.5%)。种植“Zodiak”品种的最佳经济指标是在黑色休耕地播种时获得的,其盈利率高达191%,条件净收入高达77993卢布/公顷。
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Features of the winter common wheat variety ‘Zodiak’ when cultivating it according to various forecrops and sowing time
The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the agrotechnical crop rotation of the laboratory for grain cultivation technology. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of such factors as a forecrop and sowing time on productivity and grain quality of the winter common wheat variety ‘Zodiak’. During the study, there was found that the variety ‘Zodiak’ produced up to 9.70 t/ha. There was established that the high adaptability of the variety ‘Zodiak’ made it possible to obtain high yields at different sowing dates, however, there was a tendency to form maximum productivity when sowing at the optimal time for the area (20 and 30 of September). There was found that the large productivity of the crop sown in black fallow was ensured by the number of productive stems (up to 596 pcs/m2) and productivity per head (number of kernels per head up to 31.3 pcs., grain weight per head up to 1.42 g). For all forecrops in the variant with a late sowing time, there was a decrease in number of kernels per head (by 6.2–22.9 %) and mass of grain per head (by 1.7–11.7 %) compared with earlier sowing dates. Biochemical analysis has shown that when sown in black fallow and after peas, the yielded grain had the maximum protein per-centage on average up to 14.1 % and 13.3 %, respectively. There has been established that the variety ‘Zodiak’ could form high-quality grain even when it was sown after sunflower (with 12.3–12.6 % of protein and 22.5–23.5 % of gluten). The best economic indicators in the cultivation of the variety ‘Zodiak’ were obtained when it was sown in black fallow, with up to 191 % of profitability, up to 77993 rubles/ha of conditional net income.
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审稿时长
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