管理粮食危机:工业化前荷兰的城市救济储备*

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Past & Present Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI:10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA014
J. Dijkman
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引用次数: 2

摘要

工业化前欧洲城镇应对粮食危机的方式之一是建立公共粮食储备,以缓解粮食危机。本文展示了荷兰粮食的购买和分配是如何受到商业化和国家形成的长期发展的影响的。有两个结论很突出。首先,物资的获取和救济的分配都严重依赖市场。然而,尽管市场机制最初用于通过补贴提供有针对性的救济,但在审查期结束时,这一机制被对库存的存在和释放对总体食品价格影响的信任所取代,这种信任在很大程度上是不合理的。第二,根据长期以来分散治理的传统,城市政府和城市扶贫组织是安全网的主要提供者,在整个审查期间,甚至在19世纪初建立中央集权的单一国家之后,都保护弱势群体的粮食权益。
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Managing Food Crises: Urban Relief Stocks in Pre-Industrial Holland*
One of the ways in which towns and cities in pre-industrial Europe responded to food crises was by establishing public grain stocks, intended for relief. This article shows how purchases and distribution of grain in Holland were affected by the long-term developments of commercialization and state formation. Two conclusions stand out. Firstly, both the acquisition of supplies and the distribution of relief relied heavily on the market. However, while market mechanisms were originally used to provide targeted relief through subsidies, at the end of the period under examination this was supplanted by a — largely unjustified — trust in the effects of the presence and release of stocks on food prices in general. Secondly, in keeping with a long-standing tradition of decentralized governance, urban governments and urban poor relief organizations were the main providers of the safety net that protected the food entitlements of vulnerable groups throughout the period under examination, even after the establishment of a centralized unitary state in the early nineteenth century.
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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