On de Mundo and pseudo-Aristotle, a geoarchaeological analysis

“De Mundo” (“On the Cosmos”), an influential ancient anonymous treatise (manuscript) covering natural phenomena and philosophical ideas, is assigned by the majority of investigators to pseudo-Aristotle, an unknown philosopher of Roman times mimicking Aristotle. This article focuses on differences in the geological content between “Meteorologica” (“Meteorology”), the famous work of Aristotle on Natural Sciences, and “de Mundo.” Four themes are examined: the evolution of the legend of the 373 BC earthquake and tsunami at Helike and Boura (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) based on new geoarchaeological and archaeological evidence, volcanic eruptions of the Aeolian Islands and Etna, but not of Vesuvius (Italy), neurotoxic effects of gas seepage, mostly in oracles, and the style of referencing to geological information. The new geoarchaeological evidence permits the dating of “de Mundo” in the first century AD, thereby refining previous interpretations, and implies no evidence of change in Aristotle's philosophical and geographical ideas at the end of his life. The overall analysis provides an explanation for the legend of the catastrophe of Helike, and it highlights the potential of geoarchaeological methods to provide new insights even into literary, philosophical, and geographical issues, and the dating of various ancient manuscripts.