主动工作拖拉机和被动工作拖拉机在耕作单位的组成

A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev
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A dependence is proposed for determining the additional energy consumption for oscillatory movements with an uneven movement of the tractor unit. It is proved that the additional energy consumption during the unstable movement of the tillage unit on the rut is 2-3 % (passive work) of the total energy consumption. The method of partial accelerations, which is based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces acting on the tractor, to the vector sum in the space of accelerations, is the basis for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic parameters of tractors in the composition of tillage machines. On the basis of this method, the methodology for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic indicators of the tractor when performing the technological process without the use of dynamometric means has been substantiated. The modernized measuring and registration complex, developed with the participation of the authors of the article at the Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, P. Vasilenko Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture and the Kharkiv branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT in the direction of software for assessing the resistance of aggregated machines, traction efficiency of the tractor, longitudinal acceleration of the unit. The use of this complex when testing tractors is aimed at implementing the methodology of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT with the definition of traction indicators of tractors and standards of the Code 2 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Conclusions. The article contains a theoretical generalization and a new solution to the scientific problem of increasing the efficiency of a tractor as part of a tillage unit, based on a decrease in additional energy costs (passive work). The research results made it possible to formulate the main theoretical and scientific-practical conclusions. The scientific value of the study lies in clarifying the dependence of the tractor operation as part of the tillage machine in the direction of reducing the useless (passive) work on turns at the headland and on a turn on the rut. It has been proven that in order to ensure maximum operation of this unit, it must be operated with increased traction force and reduced travel speed. The dynamic model of the tractor as part of the tillage unit has been improved. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究目的。通过节能的科学技术论证,提高拖拉机作为耕作机一部分的使用效率。这一目标是通过增加拖拉机的主动(有用)功和减少被动(无用)功来实现的。研究方法。基于从作用在拖拉机上的力空间中的向量和到加速度空间中的矢量和的反向转换的部分加速度方法是评估拖拉机在耕作机组成中的牵引能量和动态参数的基础。研究结果。运动的不均匀性显著影响耕作单元主动功的减少,相应地,被动功的增加。提出了一种相关性,用于确定拖拉机单元不均匀运动时振荡运动的额外能耗。实践证明,耕作装置在车辙上不稳定运动时的附加能耗占总能耗的2-3%(被动功)。部分加速度法基于从作用在拖拉机上的力空间中的向量和到加速度空间中的矢量和的反向转换,是评估拖拉机在耕作机组成中的牵引能量和动态参数的基础。在此方法的基础上,证实了在不使用测功方法的情况下进行工艺过程时,评估拖拉机牵引能量和动态指标的方法。现代化的测量和登记综合设施是在哈尔科夫国立汽车和公路大学、P.Vasilenko哈尔科夫国立农业技术大学和L.Pogorily UkrNDIPVT哈尔科夫分院的文章作者的参与下开发的,其方向是评估聚合机器的阻力的软件,拖拉机的牵引效率,机组的纵向加速度。在测试拖拉机时使用该复合体旨在实施L.Pogorily UkrNDIPVT的方法,包括拖拉机牵引指标的定义和经济合作与发展组织(OECD)规范2的标准。结论。这篇文章包含了一个理论概括和一个新的解决方案,以减少额外的能源成本(被动工作)为基础,提高拖拉机作为耕作单元一部分的效率这一科学问题。研究结果为制定主要的理论和科学的实践结论提供了可能。该研究的科学价值在于澄清拖拉机操作作为耕作机的一部分在减少地头转弯和车辙转弯时的无用(被动)工作方面的依赖性。事实证明,为了确保该装置的最大运行,它必须在增加牵引力和降低行驶速度的情况下运行。拖拉机作为耕作装置的一部分,其动力学模型得到了改进。本研究的实际价值在于根据部分加速度法制定的标准,用于评估拖拉机的牵引性能SOU 71.2-37-046043080-017:2015,该标准由乌克兰农业政策和食品部推荐用于拖拉机的测试和现代化。
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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE WORK OF THE TRACTOR IN THE COMPOSITION OF TILLAGE UNITS
Purpose of the study. Improving the efficiency of using a tractor as part of a tillage machine through scientific and technical substantiation of energy conservation. This goal is achieved by increasing the active (useful) and reducing the passive (not useful) work of the tractor. Research methods. The method of partial accelerations based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces acting on the tractor to the vector sum in the space of accelerations is the basis for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic parameters of tractors in the composition of tillage machines. The results of the study. The unevenness of the movement significantly affects the decrease in the active work of the tillage unit and, accordingly, the increase in the passive work. A dependence is proposed for determining the additional energy consumption for oscillatory movements with an uneven movement of the tractor unit. It is proved that the additional energy consumption during the unstable movement of the tillage unit on the rut is 2-3 % (passive work) of the total energy consumption. The method of partial accelerations, which is based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces acting on the tractor, to the vector sum in the space of accelerations, is the basis for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic parameters of tractors in the composition of tillage machines. On the basis of this method, the methodology for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic indicators of the tractor when performing the technological process without the use of dynamometric means has been substantiated. The modernized measuring and registration complex, developed with the participation of the authors of the article at the Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, P. Vasilenko Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture and the Kharkiv branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT in the direction of software for assessing the resistance of aggregated machines, traction efficiency of the tractor, longitudinal acceleration of the unit. The use of this complex when testing tractors is aimed at implementing the methodology of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT with the definition of traction indicators of tractors and standards of the Code 2 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Conclusions. The article contains a theoretical generalization and a new solution to the scientific problem of increasing the efficiency of a tractor as part of a tillage unit, based on a decrease in additional energy costs (passive work). The research results made it possible to formulate the main theoretical and scientific-practical conclusions. The scientific value of the study lies in clarifying the dependence of the tractor operation as part of the tillage machine in the direction of reducing the useless (passive) work on turns at the headland and on a turn on the rut. It has been proven that in order to ensure maximum operation of this unit, it must be operated with increased traction force and reduced travel speed. The dynamic model of the tractor as part of the tillage unit has been improved. The practical value of the study lies in the standard developed on the basis of the partial acceleration method for assessing the traction properties of the tractor SOU 71.2-37-046043080-017: 2015, which is recommended by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine for use in testing and modernizing tractors.
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