淡水苔藓虫的消化与营养

IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Invertebrate Biology Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI:10.1111/ivb.12314
Timothy S. Wood
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引用次数: 0

摘要

淡水苔藓虫(Phylactolaemata)作为悬浮食性动物,摄取各种各样的颗粒。这种物质在肠道中被处理后,剩余的废物以颗粒的形式排出体外。奇怪的是,粪便颗粒的内容物看起来完好无损,通常还活着,显然没有受到伤害。这就提出了关于苔藓虫营养的真正来源和整个消化过程本身的问题。本文综述了控制饲养试验的结果以及扫描电镜检查的结果。对三个科苔藓虫种类进行的广泛喂养试验表明,以原生动物和小轮虫为食的菌落比以其他食物为食的菌落生长得快得多。没有证据表明有绿藻或细菌的消化,包括蓝藻。近距离观察发现,胃的肌肉收缩挤压和磨损脆弱的猎物生物,可能有难以消化的藻类颗粒的帮助。胃和肠壁排列着一层致密的微绒毛。在大多数情况下,它们被组织在一个三维矩阵中,提供了广泛的表面积。因为所有的食物都是连续分批处理的,所以许多颗粒被消化的时间是有限的。
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Digestion and nutrition in freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata)

As suspension feeders, freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata) ingest a wide variety of particles. After this material is processed in the gut, the remaining wastes are ejected in a pellet. Curiously, fecal pellet contents appear perfectly intact, often still alive, and apparently unharmed. This raises questions about the true sources of bryozoan nutrition and the entire digestive process itself. This article summarizes the results of controlled feeding experiments as well as findings from gut examination by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive feeding tests with bryozoan species in three families show that colonies ingesting protozoans and small rotifers grow much faster than those on any other diet. There is no evidence for digestion of green algae or bacteria, including cyanobacteria. Close observations reveal muscular contractions of the stomach crushing and abrading fragile prey organisms, with possible assistance from indigestible algal particles. A dense carpet of microvilli lines the walls of the stomach and intestine. In most instances, these are organized in a three-dimensional matrix that offers an extensive surface area. Because all food is handled in sequential batches, there is limited time for many particles to be digested.

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来源期刊
Invertebrate Biology
Invertebrate Biology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
28
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Invertebrate Biology presents fundamental advances in our understanding of the structure, function, ecology, and evolution of the invertebrates, which represent the vast majority of animal diversity. Though ultimately organismal in focus, the journal publishes manuscripts addressing phenomena at all levels of biological organization. Invertebrate Biology welcomes manuscripts addressing the biology of invertebrates from diverse perspectives, including those of: • genetics, cell, and molecular biology • morphology and biomechanics • reproduction and development • physiology and behavior • ecology • evolution and phylogenetics
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