“我们神圣的宗教所建立的明显的区别”:教会,国家和塞缪尔·西布里的奉献

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY RELIGION AND AMERICAN CULTURE-A JOURNAL OF INTERPRETATION Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI:10.1017/rac.2022.3
Brent S. Sirota
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1784年11月,塞缪尔·西伯里被任命为康涅狄格州新教圣公会主教,这一事件通常被认为标志着将旧世界忏悔国家的权威自负与新世界教派秩序的多元化区分开来的门槛。在这样的描述中,一个经过洗礼的英国国教不情愿地牺牲了它的保皇派,并声称默许了共和美国的多元宗教生态。按照这种说法,英国国教并没有政教分离的固有观念。因此,英国国教的美国化意味着要接受与它的传统格格不入的教会前提,而这些前提主要源于启蒙运动的知识界和新教的不从众。这篇文章表明,这样一种关于教派起源的叙述,并没有认真处理圣公会内部反建制主义思想的压力。教会与国家的分离必然牵涉到西布里确保“一个自由、有效和纯粹的教会主教”,这既不是外来的强加,也不仅仅是美国宗教自由的附带现象。英国国教的天主教倾向长期以来发展了自己的教会独立观念,既拒绝国家监督,也拒绝宗教自愿主义。这篇文章认为,萨缪尔·西布里的神圣化是在以这种双重反感为特征的大西洋环境中得到保障和捍卫的。通过将围绕西布里圣职的事件和争议置于更广阔的大西洋环境中,我们将更清楚地认识到教会分离和独特性的必要性,这是共和初期美国圣公会的特点。19世纪的美国圣公会,特别是高教会倾向的美国圣公会,明显不受其他教派的建制主义和政治冲动的影响,因为它是在明确拒绝其他教派的基础上建立起来的。
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“The Manifest Distinction Established by Our Holy Religion”: Church, State and the Consecration of Samuel Seabury
ABSTRACT The consecration of Samuel Seabury as bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Connecticut in November 1784 is typically taken to mark the threshold that divides the magisterial pretensions of the old-world confessional state from the pluralism of the new-world denominational order. In such accounts, a chastened Anglicanism reluctantly sacrificed its royalism and claims to establishment in acquiescence to the pluralistic religious ecology of the republican United States. The Church of England, in this telling, possessed no native conception of the separation of church and state. The Americanization of Anglicanism, therefore, entailed the acceptance of ecclesiological premises foreign and inimical to its tradition—stemming largely from the intellectual world of the enlightenment and Protestant nonconformity. Such a narrative of denominational beginnings, this article demonstrates, fails to grapple seriously with the strain of antiestablishmentarian thought within Anglicanism itself. The separation of church and state necessarily implicated in Seabury's securing of “a free, valid and purely Ecclesiastical Episcopacy” was neither an alien imposition nor a mere epiphenomenon of American religious liberty. The catholic tendency in Anglicanism had long developed its own conception of ecclesiastical independence, which rejected both state superintendence as well as religious voluntarism. The consecration of Samuel Seabury, this article argues, was secured and defended in an Atlantic milieu characterized by this dual-sided antipathy. By setting the events and controversies surrounding the Seabury consecration back into this broader Atlantic milieu, we will glean a clearer sense of the imperative of ecclesial separateness and distinctiveness that characterized American Episcopalianism in the early republic. American Episcopalianism in the nineteenth century, particularly that of the high church tendency, was remarkably free of the establishmentarian and political impulses of other denominations because it was founded in explicit rejection of them.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Religion and American Culture is devoted to promoting the ongoing scholarly discussion of the nature, terms, and dynamics of religion in America. Embracing a diversity of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives, this semiannual publication explores the interplay between religion and other spheres of American culture. Although concentrated on specific topics, articles illuminate larger patterns, implications, or contexts of American life. Edited by Philip Goff, Stephen Stein, and Peter Thuesen.
期刊最新文献
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