蠕虫、蚂蚁和希腊之爱:本尼迪克特Friedländer的“同性恋本能”

IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of the History of Sexuality Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI:10.7560/jhs31203
Ofri Ilany
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摘要

T e o c e a n’s wa T e r wa s c l e a r a n d s T i l。那是1897年10月28日凌晨,太平洋春天的天空覆盖了萨摩亚岛。凌晨4点左右,坐在珊瑚礁上空的独木舟上的萨摩亚人开始疯狂地行动。水也开始旋转:细长的卷须开始以迂回的运动移动到水面。几分钟内,无数的这种生物出现了,有的是深蓝色,有的是浅棕色。很快,它们就盖住了水面,萨摩亚人迅速靠过来,把它们捞出来,放在特殊的容器里。坐在其中一辆面包车里的那个留着胡子的德国男子带着克制的敬畏目光看着。他的名字叫本尼迪克特·弗里德兰德博士(1866-1908),是一位来自柏林的动物学家和社会学家,几周前独自抵达萨摩亚。正如每年太平洋春季发生的那样,萨摩亚居民狼吞虎咽地吃着这些海虫,他们称之为palolo(Palola viridis)。Friedländer自己也尝试过这道菜,声称它的味道让人想起鱼子酱,尤其是生的时候。1他不是第一个见证“帕洛洛舞”的欧洲人;几位英国和德国的研究人员已经报道了这种现象。2但在接下来的几天里,他开始调查这些蠕虫的身体,并惊讶地发现它们实际上没有头部。弗里德兰德很快就意识到,突然出现的生物根本不是蠕虫,而是它们的生殖器。
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Worms, Ants, and Greek Love: Benedict Friedländer's "Homosexual Instinct"
T h e o c e a n ’ s wa T e r wa s c l e a r a n d s T i l l . It was the early morning of 28 October 1897, and Pacific spring skies stretched over the island of Samoa. Around 4:00 a.m., the Samoan men sitting in va‘as (canoes) over the coral reef sprang into frantic motion. The water also began swirling: long, wispy tendrils began moving to the surface in circuitous motion. Within minutes, countless numbers of these creatures appeared, some dark blue and some light brown. Soon they covered the face of the water, and the Samoan men leaned over quickly, pulled them out, and stored them in special containers. The bearded German man who was sitting in one of these va‘as looked on in restrained awe. His name was Doctor Benedict Friedländer (1866–1908), a zoologist and sociologist from Berlin who had arrived alone in Samoa several weeks earlier. As occurred every year during the Pacific spring, the residents of Samoa gorged themselves on these sea worms, which they called palolo (Palola viridis). Friedländer himself also tried the dish, claiming its taste was reminiscent of caviar—especially when raw.1 He wasn’t the first European to witness the “palolo dance”; the phenomenon had been reported on by several British and German researchers.2 But in the following days, he began investigating the worms’ bodies and was surprised to discover that they in fact had no heads. It soon became apparent to Friedländer that the creatures who made such a sudden appearance were not the worms at all but rather their genitalia.
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