从心理语言学实验结果看乌克兰人意识中的基本水平范畴结构:PARKAN和MUR

Marharyta Zhujkova, L. Lavrynovych, Olha Svidzynska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是通过实验确定乌克兰语使用者大脑中两个基本水平类别的结构(主要是中央区域):PARKAN和MUR。为了实现这一目标,开展了两个心理语言学实验。在第一个实验中,受访者被要求确定图片上的物体是否属于PARKAN类别。在第二组中,他们被要求确定图片上的物体是否属于MUR类别。每个实验选取75张具有相似功能和感知特征的物体图像。被调查者必须在图像下选择整数1-2-3,其中3表示该对象属于该类别,1表示该对象不属于该类别。在回答的选项中,有可能在命名类别和图像的单词之间部分或完全不一致。已完成的谷歌表单总数为846,收到的响应总数为12690。第二个实验也考虑了对照组受访者的估计,对照组包括18名历史学家、建筑师和修复者。使用缩放方法处理结果:每个对象获得平均分数,确定其在类别结构中的位置。这两个类别的中心区域包括得分在2.75及以上的物体。通过分析中心区域物体的感知和功能特征,我们形成了PARKAN和MUR类别原型的口头描述。在对实验数据进行处理的过程中,发现了类别中心区形成原理的差异。这与这些物体在现代人为景观中的作用有关。一个特定的人工制品被分配到PARKAN类别受到两个因素的影响:感知特征和一个人由于他/她的背景知识而从外部特征中获得的功能。在将一个对象归类为典型的MUR时,重要的不仅是感知特征和功能,还有超越当前对世界的认识的信息,即关于过去现实的状态和功能的知识。人们认为,关于现实的文化和历史作用的信息在概念的结构中占有重要地位,但我们的研究表明,这些知识不仅可以影响概念的内容和结构,还可以影响意识的类别。
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The Structure of Basic Level Categories in the Ukrainians Consciousness According to The Results of Psycholinguistic Experiments: PARKAN and MUR
The aim of this research is to identify experimentally the structure (primarily the central zone) of two basic level categories in the Ukrainian speakers minds: PARKAN and MUR. To rich such an aim, two psycholinguistic experiments were developed and conducted. Within the first experiment the respondents were asked to determine whether the object on the picture belongs to the category PARKAN. Within the second one they were asked to determine whether the object on the picture belongs to the category MUR. For each experiment 75 images of the objects with similar functions and perceptual features were selected. The respondents had to choose integers 1-2-3 under the image, where 3 means that the object enters into the category, and 1 means that the object doesn't enter into the category. In the options of responses there was the possibility of partial and complete discrepancy between the word that names the category and the image. The total number of completed Google forms is 846, the total number of the received responses - 12690. The second experiment also took into account the estimates of the respondents from the control group which included 18 historians, architects and restorers. The scaling method was used to process the results: each object received an average score which determined its place in the structure of the category. The central zone of both categories includes objects with a score of 2.75 and higher. By analyzing the perceptual and functional features of the objects of the central zone we have formed a verbal description of the prototypes of the categories PARKAN and MUR. During the processing of experimental data there were found the differences in the principles of formation of the central zones of categories. This is related to the role of these objects in the modern anthropogenic landscape. The assignment of a certain artifact to the category PARKAN is influenced by two factors: perceptual features and function that a person derives from external features due to his/her background knowledge. When categorizing an object as a typical MUR not only perceptual features and function are important, but also information that goes beyond current knowledge about the world, namely knowledge about the status and functions of reality in the past. It is believed that information about the cultural and historical role of reality occupies an important place in the structure of the concept but our research has shown that such knowledge can affect the content and structure of not only concepts but also categories of consciousness.
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来源期刊
East European Journal of Psycholinguistics
East European Journal of Psycholinguistics Arts and Humanities-Language and Linguistics
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
15 weeks
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