Why multi-stakeholder practices don’t work: looking beyond the extent and diversity of actors for co-producing collective action; a case study from an inner area in Italy

ABSTRACT This paper examines the improvement of multi-stakeholder practices within Italian territorial cohesion and planning policy. The research used a qualitative approach for investigating and analyzing the case of the ‘Alta Tuscia-Antica Città di Castro Inner Area’, in the Lazio Region. Using a theoretical framework that combines the coproduction perspective in territorial planning with the concept of collective capabilities, the paper outlines recommendations to improve multi-stakeholder practices. Field and desk research suggested a shift towards a co-production perspective which strengthens the capabilities of territories for collective action.