Imbalances in parathyroid hormones and few electrolytes in patients with renal failure

Introduction and Aim: Chronic kidney disease also referred as chronic renal disease is a condition in which there is a gradual loss of kidney function. End-stage renal failure (ESRD) is the final stage of the disease in which the kidneys cease to function, and the patient continues to depend on long-term dialysis. In this study we aimed to analyze the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH), electrolyte disturbances and vitamin D3 in ESRD patients and compare it to healthy individuals.   Materials and Methods: 100 outpatients (ages 30-70 years) from Al-Diwaniyah General Hospital and 49 healthy participants (ages 35-65 years) were investigated between July and October 2022.   Results: A significant increase in PTH concentrations was observed in the ESRD group 275.16 ± 224.03 pg/ml) when compared to the healthy group (44.42 ± 19.26 pg/ml). Similarly, phosphate concentrations differed significantly between ESRD patients and the healthy group (1.52 ± 0.53 vs. 1.04 ± 0.15 mmol/L, respectively). A non-significant positive correlation was noticed between PTH and phosphate levels (p value = 0.068; r = 0.253). There was a significant (p-value 0.001) decrease in calcium levels between patients and healthy samples (2.06 ± 0.28 mmol/L vs. 2.36 ± 0.11, respectively), and a negative correlation (r = -0.536) between PTH and calcium levels. The vitamin D3 values showed no significant differences (p > 0.01), between ESRD patients and healthy subjects.   Conclusion: A positive correlation existed between serum PTH and phosphate levels in patients with ESRD. Hence these parameters could be monitored on a regular basis to ensure appropriate dietary and medical treatments.