The inhibitory effect of Punica granatum on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Extended spectrum β-lactamase strains

Each year, millions of people worldwide suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are the second most common type of infection in the human body. An infection of the urinary tract (UTI) affects the urinary bladder, kidneys, and\ or urethra. In order to eliminate the urine from the body, it passes through these organs. However, most UTIs are caused by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia , making treatment more difficult. Recurrent UTIs can be effectively treated with long-term antibiotics; however, they can have several adverse side effects, and sometimes they may generate antibiotic-resistant strains. Due to these downsides, alternative remedies based on plant extracts are increasingly being considered for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections, particularly in the context of a synergistic antibiotic strategy. There are many medicinal benefits of the pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) plant that makes it to be known as a wonder fruit. Pomegranates are the predominant species that belong to the family Lythraceae . Due to its extensive range of bioactive compounds, the diverse parts of this P. granatum plant exhibit significant pharmacological activities. The bioactive compounds of this plant have been shown to possess several antioxidants; anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and many other biological effects. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to highlight the inhibitory potential of P. granatum extracts on E. coli and K. pneumonia pathogens, to be used in the effective management of UTIs.