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引用次数: 546
摘要
日冕物质抛射(CMEs)是太阳系中规模最大的喷发现象,从活动区域大小的非势磁结构扩展到更大的规模。质量约为1011,1013 kg的等离子体以典型的几百甚至超过1000 km / s的速度被一路拖到行星际空间。1、有机会撞击我们的地球,导致危险的太空天气状况。它们涉及许多其他较小规模的太阳爆发现象,如x射线s型流、灯丝/日珥喷发、太阳耀斑、等离子体加热和辐射、粒子加速、EIT波、EUV变暗、摩尔顿波、太阳射电暴等等。据信,通过释放积累的磁能和螺旋度,它们完成了太阳磁场循环链条的最后一环。在本文中,我试图阐述我们对奇异现象的每个阶段的理解,包括它们的爆发前结构,它们的触发机制以及它们的开始过程的前兆,它们的加速和传播。重点澄清了日冕物质抛射是否需要磁重联、是否有两种类型的日冕物质抛射、日冕物质抛射锋面环如何形成、日冕物质抛射是否特殊等热点问题。
Coronal Mass Ejections: Models and Their Observational Basis
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the largest-scale eruptive phenomenon in the solar system, expanding from active region-sized nonpotential magnetic structure to a much larger size. The bulk of plasma with a mass of ~ 1011,1013 kg is hauled up all the way out to the interplanetary space with a typical velocity of several hundred or even more than 1000 km s?1, with a chance to impact our Earth, resulting in hazardous space weather conditions. They involve many other much smaller-sized solar eruptive phenomena, such as X-ray sigmoids, filament/prominence eruptions, solar flares, plasma heating and radiation, particle acceleration, EIT waves, EUV dimmings, Moreton waves, solar radio bursts, and so on. It is believed that, by shedding the accumulating magnetic energy and helicity, they complete the last link in the chain of the cycling of the solar magnetic field. In this review, I try to explicate our understanding on each stage of the fantastic phenomenon, including their pre-eruption structure, their triggering mechanisms and the precursors indicating the initiation process, their acceleration and propagation. Particular attention is paid to clarify some hot debates, e.g., whether magnetic reconnection is necessary for the eruption, whether there are two types of CMEs, how the CME frontal loop is formed, and whether halo CMEs are special.
期刊介绍:
Living Reviews in Solar Physics, a platinum open-access journal, publishes invited reviews covering research across all areas of solar and heliospheric physics. It distinguishes itself by maintaining a collection of high-quality reviews regularly updated by the authors. Established in 2004, it was founded by the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS). "Living Reviews®" is a registered trademark of Springer International Publishing AG.