在悬崖上筑巢的猛禽为巢穴提供树枝,这是过去在树上筑巢的进化负担

IF 0.2 Q4 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Ideas in Ecology and Evolution Pub Date : 2019-08-13 DOI:10.24908/IEE.2019.12.3.N
A. Abraín, J. Jiménez
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引用次数: 5

摘要

许多欧洲猛禽向悬崖巢穴供应棍子,这只是一种减少巢穴中体外寄生虫负荷和发出巢穴占用信号的功能性手段。我们在这里对这种行为进行了历史解释,因为我们认为它代表了以前树木筑巢物种的进化负荷。基本上,从这个角度来看,兼性树/悬崖筑巢物种繁殖了它们原来在树上建造的巢穴,但在悬崖上。为悬崖巢穴提供树枝的兼性物种(可能是在森林地区进化而来的)包括Pandion haliaetus、haliaetus albicilla、Milvus migrans、Circaetus gallicus、Buteo Buteo、Aquila fasciata、A.pennata、A.chrysaetos、A.heliaca、Gypaetus barbatus Gyps fulvus和Neophron pernopterus。相反,唯一一种只在悬崖上筑巢的法尔科物种(F.eleonorae)),不给巢穴提供树枝,应该被认为是真正的悬崖巢鸟,很可能是在非森林地区进化而来的。所有其他不向悬崖巢穴提供树枝,但可以利用其他非猛禽物种建造的树巢的法尔科物种,也应该被视为真正的悬崖巢穴,可能是在更多的森林地区或时代进化而来的。Milvus Milvus、Elanus caeruleus、Accipiter nisus、A.gentilis、Pernis apivorus、Aquila adalberti、A.clanga、A.pomarina和Aegypius monachus是真正的树巢动物,可能是在森林地区进化而来的,它们没有进化出直接在悬崖上筑巢的可塑性。
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Stick supply to nests by cliff-nesting raptors as an evolutionary load of past tree-nesting
The supply of sticks to cliff nests by many European raptors has been explained only as a functional means of decreasing ectoparasite loads in nests and for signalling nest occupancy. We provide here a historical explanation of this behaviour as we consider it represents an evolutionary load of formerly tree-nesting species. Basically, from this perspective, facultative tree/cliff-nesting species reproduce the nests they used to build originally on top of trees, but on cliffs. Facultative species (likely evolved in forested areas) that supply their cliff nests with sticks include Pandion haliaetus, Haliaetus albicilla, Milvus migrans, Circaetus gallicus, Buteo buteo, Aquila fasciata, A. pennata, A. chrysaetos, A. heliaca, Gypaetus barbatus Gyps fulvus and Neophron percnopterus. On the contrary, the only Falco species that solely nests in cliffs (F. eleonorae)) and does not supply its nests with sticks and should be considered a true cliff-nester, likely evolved in non-forested areas. All other Falco species that do not supply their cliff nests with sticks but can make use of tree nests made by other non-raptorial species, should also be considered as true cliff-nesters, likely evolved in more forested areas or times. Milvus milvus, Elanus caeruleus, Accipiter nisus, A. gentilis, Pernis apivorus, Aquila adalberti, A. clanga, A. pomarina and Aegypius monachus are true tree nesters, likely evolved in forested areas, which did not evolve the plasticity to nest directly on cliffs.
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Ideas in Ecology and Evolution
Ideas in Ecology and Evolution EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY-
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审稿时长
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