当土地歌唱:利用第四纪地质和地形学的证据重建史前环境,并以尼罗河和儿子山谷的河流环境为例

IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Quaternary Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI:10.3390/quat5030032
Martin A. J. Williams
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引用次数: 0

摘要

来自河流和湖泊的地貌证据可以帮助解释考古遗址过去的位置变化,以及其集水区的环境和气候变化。从非洲东北部的蓝色和白色尼罗河谷以及印度中北部的Son和Belan河谷中提取的例子揭示了这些河流源头的第四纪气候波动如何反映在下游河道模式的变化以及运输的沉积物类型上。可以对含有史前和历史文物的土壤和沉积物进行分析,以显示文物积累的环境类型。火山灰床可能保存了以前的景观和它们的化石遗迹,并可以提供一个同步的时间标记,以评估考古记录的变化。过去海平面波动的模式和速度控制了沿海考古遗址的分布,并有助于解释东南亚某些全新世新石器时代遗址的缺失。植物和动物对考古遗址的干扰,特别是热带地区的白蚁,会影响遗址的地层和年代完整性。
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When the Land Sings: Reconstructing Prehistoric Environments Using Evidence from Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology, with Examples Drawn from Fluvial Environments in the Nile and Son Valleys
Geomorphic evidence from rivers and lakes can help explain past changes in the locations of archaeological sites as well as environmental and climatic changes in their catchment areas. Examples drawn from the Blue and White Nile valleys in northeast Africa and from the Son and Belan valleys in north-central India reveal how Quaternary climatic fluctuations in the headwaters of these rivers are reflected in changes in river channel patterns downstream as well as in the type of sediment transported. Soils and sediments that contain prehistoric and historic artefacts can be analysed to show the type of environment in which the artefacts accumulated. Beds of volcanic ash may preserve former landscapes and their fossil remains and can provide a synchronous time marker against which to assess changes in the archaeological record. The pattern and tempo of past sea level fluctuations has controlled the distribution of coastal archaeological sites and helps to explain the absence of certain Holocene Neolithic sites in southeast Asia. Disturbance of archaeological sites by plants and animals, especially termites in tropical regions, can affect the stratigraphic and chronological integrity of the site.
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来源期刊
Quaternary
Quaternary GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
4.30%
发文量
44
审稿时长
11 weeks
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