Monitoring an isolated population of Cape Parrots Poicephalus robustus in the Limpopo province, South Africa

Cape Parrots Poicephalus robustus inhabit forest patches in South Africa with <1 800 individuals remain in the wild. A small, genetically isolated population occurs in the northern part of its range in the Limpopo province. There, annual counts indicated ∼100 remain, but count numbers fluctuate substantially between years creating uncertainty over population trends. To inform approaches to the monitoring of Cape Parrot populations in the Limpopo province, we investigated how local abundance counts varied within and across years at known parrot ‘hotspots’. Monthly counts were done at these sites during 2013–2015 and 2020–2021. We found large variability in counts both within and amongst years, although this differed between sites. Observations of behaviour suggest that a site close to overnight roosts was more reliable, whereas those close to food sources were more variable likely linked to fruit availability. The highest numbers were recorded at a pecan nut orchard away from the indigenous forest. To better understand population trends of this small, isolated population we recommend annual counts are complemented with a series of focused counts at pecan nut orchards, which are monitored with greater intensity during the fruiting season.