细胞定向迁移背后的力量

Isabela C. Fortunato, R. Sunyer
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引用次数: 4

摘要

定向细胞迁移是生命的重要组成部分,当胚胎发育、树突细胞向淋巴管迁移或纤维化器官无法恢复正常薄壁组织时,就会出现定向细胞迁移。定向细胞迁移通常由细胞微环境的物理化学性质的空间梯度引导,例如溶解在介质中的化学因子的梯度或基质的机械性质的梯度。单个细胞和组织感知这些梯度,建立前后极性,并相应地协调迁移机制。这些步骤的核心是物理力。在某些情况下,这些力被集成到梯度感测机制中。其他时候,它们通过细胞和组织传递信息,以协调集体反应。在任何时候,它们都参与细胞迁移系统。在这篇综述中,我们探讨了物理力在梯度传感、极化和从单细胞到多细胞集体的协调运动中的作用。我们使用分子离合器模型提出的框架,探索离合器不同元件的不对称性在多大程度上会导致定向迁移。
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The Forces behind Directed Cell Migration
Directed cell migration is an essential building block of life, present when an embryo develops, a dendritic cell migrates toward a lymphatic vessel, or a fibrotic organ fails to restore its normal parenchyma. Directed cell migration is often guided by spatial gradients in a physicochemical property of the cell microenvironment, such as a gradient in chemical factors dissolved in the medium or a gradient in the mechanical properties of the substrate. Single cells and tissues sense these gradients, establish a back-to-front polarity, and coordinate the migration machinery accordingly. Central to these steps we find physical forces. In some cases, these forces are integrated into the gradient sensing mechanism. Other times, they transmit information through cells and tissues to coordinate a collective response. At any time, they participate in the cellular migratory system. In this review, we explore the role of physical forces in gradient sensing, polarization, and coordinating movement from single cells to multicellular collectives. We use the framework proposed by the molecular clutch model and explore to what extent asymmetries in the different elements of the clutch can lead to directional migration.
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