MicroRNA新一类诊断生物标志物

D. Stejskal
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微小RNA(miRNA)是小的(21-24个核苷酸)非编码RNA,参与基因表达的负转录后调节。一个miRNA分子可以具有多达数百个靶mRNA,一个mRNA可以由多个miRNA调节,在身体/生物体中形成复杂的调节网络[1]。细胞内miRNA水平的变化影响基因表达,改变细胞信号传导,并显著影响细胞代谢。它们调节生理过程,包括细胞分化、再生和凋亡,以及病理过程,如细胞的肿瘤转化。因此,异常miRNA表达参与许多疾病的发病机制并不奇怪,包括心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和癌症。时至今日,已有2500多种不同的微小RNA在各种文献中被描述[2-7]。
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MicroRNA-New Category of Diagnostic Biomarkers
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (21-24 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs which are involved in negative posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. One miRNA molecule can have up to hundreds of target mRNAs and one mRNA can be regulated by multiple miRNAs, creating a complex regulatory network in the body/organism [1].Changes in intracellular miRNA levels affect gene expression, alter cell signaling, and significantly affect cellular metabolism. They regulate physiological processes including cell differentiation, regeneration and apoptosis, as well as pathological processes such as neoplastic transformation of cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that aberrant miRNA expression is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. To this day, more than 2,500 different microRNAs have been described in various documents [2-7].
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