一项测量互动教育计划对学龄儿童超重和肥胖影响的前瞻性研究

Israel Ríos-Castillo, Lisbeth Escala, Ledys Urriola, M. McKinnon, Stephen R. Kodish, Carlos Rojas-Roque
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摘要

超重或肥胖是一个公共健康问题。本研究评估了在西巴拿马省四所学校开展的食品和营养教育(FNE)干预,以减少在校学生的超重状况。这是一项准实验前后对比研究,对403名8至13岁的儿童进行了为期34周的FNE干预,通过讲习班提供教学材料。在FNE干预前后使用知识和态度调查作为评估工具。超重的患病率(40%)在干预后没有减少。开始时,女孩的zBMI为0.57(1.29),男孩为0.70(1.36),最终评估时,女孩为0.57(1.28),男孩为0.67(1.33)。在评价点和性别之间没有观察到显著差异。虽然两性学生的知识水平较高,但在态度的中位数水平上没有差异。小学生的FNE可以有效地获取知识和保持对食物的积极态度,但需要更多的研究来解决营养状况。虽然干预措施对营养状况没有影响,但FNE促进了学龄儿童采用技能和能力。这项研究的成功实施突出表明,在更大范围内复制国家计划署的干预措施,对巴拿马多层次和部门性的“无饥饿研究”公共政策作出积极贡献是可行的。
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A Prospective Study Measuring the Effect of an Interactive Educational Program on Overweight and Obesity among School-Aged Children
Being overweight or obese is a public health problem. This work evaluated a food and nutrition education (FNE) intervention to reduce overweight status among schoolchildren in four schools in the West Panama Province. This was a quasi-experimental before-and-after study that implemented a 34-week FNE intervention through workshops with didactic material to 403 children between 8 and 13 years old. A knowledge and attitude survey was used as an evaluation tool before and after the FNE intervention. The prevalence of excess weight (40%) did not reduce after the intervention. The zBMI at the beginning was 0.57 (1.29) for girls and 0.70 (1.36) for boys, and at the final evaluation was 0.57 (1.28) for girls and 0.67 (1.33) for boys. No significant differences were observed between the point of evaluation and sex. No differences were reported in the median level of attitude, although higher levels of knowledge were reported in students of both sexes. The FNE in schoolchildren can be effective in acquiring knowledge and maintaining a positive attitude towards food, but more research is needed to address nutritional status. Although the intervention had no impact on nutritional status, the FNE facilitated the adoption of skills and competencies in schoolchildren. The success of the implementation of the study highlighted the feasibility of replicating the FNE interventions on a larger scale to contribute positively to the multi-level and sectoral public policy Study Without Hunger in Panama.
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