Indian Suffragettes: Female Identities and Transnational Networks

vital; it is also timely in migration research. If, as the book shows, in the absence of ‘safe, legal paths to seeking refuge and opportunity, new barriers are forcing migrants to pursue more dangerous journeys and seek the services of more established mafias and criminal organizations’ (p.5), then new migration policies are urgently needed. Spending 229 million US dollars in 2014 alone to deport illegal immigrants or 11.3 billion Euros to do the same thing between 2000 and 2015 as the countries in the Schengen region did (p. 29) does not seem to be one of such policies. Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Savior is a major and timely contribution to migration research. Not only does it provide intriguing data to fill the void left by years of ‘end-point’ migration research, while demonstrating that the core assumptions of mainstream economics migration research are in need of urgent and fundamental change, it also provides a compelling case to urgently undertake more political-economic analyses of migration.