两个马鹿群的社会时空行为差异

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI:10.1007/s10211-021-00375-w
Benjamin Gillich, Frank-Uwe Michler, Caroline Stolter, Siegfried Rieger
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引用次数: 5

摘要

在动物王国中,社会-空间-时间行为的发展非常不同(例如,独居、群居、群居),这取决于许多不同的因素,如食物供应、竞争、躲避捕食者或干扰。众所周知,马鹿在人类干扰地区的分布与人为影响较小的地区不同。但是,关于人类存在对社会联系和相互作用的潜在影响的知识很少,尽管差异可能导致对环境的变化影响,例如栖息地利用和饲养破坏。因此,我们研究了马鹿在空间利用和社会交往方面的差异。我们研究了两个研究区域的两个非迁徙种群,它们在景观结构和植被结构上具有可比性,但在游客的可达性和存在程度上存在差异。在两个研究地点之间,我们比较了家庭范围的大小,每个研究地点家庭范围重叠程度的差异以及个体的时空关联(雅各布斯指数)。此外,我们还提供了全年家庭范围大小和社会关联的季节性变化数据。为了比较研究地点的人类活动,我们使用了长期摄像机陷阱监测的数据。在人类活动较多的地区,除夏季外,几乎所有季节的鹿群都有更小的家园范围和更大的全年社会联系。我们认为,较小的家庭范围和较高的动物之间的联系可能导致植物的摄食压力增加,并且在干扰较高的地区,利用程度较低。
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Differences in social-space–time behaviour of two red deer herds (Cervus elaphus)

Social-space–time-behaviour has developed very differently (e.g. a, loner, a herd, a pack) in the animal kingdom and depends on many different factors, like food availability, competition, predator avoidance or disturbances. It is known, that red deer are differently distributed in human disturbed areas compared to areas with less anthropogenic influences. But knowledge about the potential influence of human presence on social associations and interactions is rare, albeit differences may result in changing impacts on the environment, such as habitat utilization and feeding damage. Therefore, we investigated differences in the space use and social association of red deer. We studied two radio-collared herds of non-migratory populations in two study areas, which were comparable in landscape structure and vegetation structure, but differed in accessibility for visitors and the extent of their presence. Between the two study sites we compared the home range size, the differences in the extent of home range overlap within each study site and the space–time association (Jacobs Index) of individuals. Additionally, we present data on seasonal variations of home range sizes and social association all year round. In order to compare human activity in the study sites, we used the data from our long-term camera trap monitoring. The herd in the area with more human activity had significantly smaller home ranges and had greater year-round social associations in almost all seasons, except summer. We assume that smaller home ranges and higher association between animals may result in a higher feeding pressure on plants and a patchier utilization in areas with higher disturbances.

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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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