威权主义新自由主义的三种形式:专家统治、人民统治、领袖统治

IF 3 2区 社会学 Q2 BUSINESS Competition & Change Pub Date : 2021-08-19 DOI:10.1177/10245294211038425
E. Gallo
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引用次数: 12

摘要

新自由主义和威权主义紧密相连,正如越来越多的关于“威权新自由主义”的文献所证明的那样。本文提供了威权主义新自由主义的分类,并声称它有三种变体——技术官僚主义、民粹主义民族主义和传统威权主义。此外,它提出了两个品种的概述和三个国家的分析作为案例研究。在多元本地化和多样化的新自由主义化更复杂的过程中,国家作为对新自由主义项目做出巨大贡献的行动者被调查,这必须纳入比较研究。首先,意大利被研究为一个巩固的西方民主国家,它经常由技术官僚统治,这些独立的、无党派的专业人士自20世纪90年代以来一直掌权,并且在一个日益技术官僚的欧盟框架内。其次,本文将重点放在匈牙利这个中欧半边缘国家,它已成为民粹主义民族主义的缩影,具有越来越专制的特征。第三,本文将重点放在哈萨克斯坦,这是一个前苏联共和国,在独立之前没有重要的自由民主经验,是“传统威权”类型的一个关键例子。然而,这三种类型有时是结合和共存的,它们的演变将对资本主义和自由民主的未来起决定性作用。
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Three varieties of Authoritarian Neoliberalism: Rule by the experts, the people, the leader
Neoliberalism and authoritarianism are intimately connected, as is demonstrated by the existence of a growing body of literature on ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. This article provides a taxonomy of authoritarian neoliberalism and claims that it appears in three varieties – technocracy, populist nationalism, and traditional authoritarianism. Also, it proposes both an overview of the varieties and an analysis of three states as case studies. States are investigated as actors which strongly contribute to the neoliberal project amidst a more complex process of multilocalized and variegated neoliberalizations, which have to be incorporated into the comparative research. First, Italy is studied as a consolidated Western democracy which has been often governed by technocrats, independent, non-party professionals who have recurrently been in power since the 1990s, and within the frame of an increasingly technocratic European Union. Second, the paper concentrates on Hungary, a semi-peripheral Central European country which has become an epitome of a populist nationalism with increasingly authoritarian traits. Third, the paper focuses on Kazakhstan, a former Soviet Union republic with no significant experience of liberal democracy before independence, and a key example of the ‘traditional authoritarian’ variety. The three varieties, however, are sometimes combined and coexisting, and their evolution will be decisive for the future of capitalism and liberal democracy.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
7.70%
发文量
37
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