尼泊尔2022年登革热疫情:需要有效的预警系统

B. G. Dhoubhadel, Yumiko Hayashi, F. M. Domai, S. Bhattarai, K. Ariyoshi, B. Pandey
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引用次数: 0

摘要

登革热已成为尼泊尔公众健康的一个反复出现且日益严重的威胁。2022年的疫情是有史以来报告的最大疫情,全国7个省和77个区都报告了病例。尽管1997年建立了预警和报告系统,但国家指南中缺乏明确的警报信号标准和疫情定义,推迟了2022年的疫情申报,导致病例和死亡人数增加。在这篇文章中,我们分析了前几年的国家数据,这些数据表明,疫情本可以在7月初宣布,如果疫情宣布的明确标准也到位,那么病例和死亡人数就会减少。我们还审查了现有的登革热预防和控制国家指南,并提出了改进其实施的建议,特别是在病媒控制措施方面。这篇文章还强调,需要在多部门利益攸关方之间进行协调,加强疾病监测系统,并建立预定义的警报信号和流行病申报标准,以便及时发现未来的流行病。疫情早期预警系统有可能预防未来的大规模疫情,并将其对国家卫生系统和经济的负面影响降至最低。
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A major dengue epidemic in 2022 in Nepal: need of an efficient early-warning system
Dengue has become a recurrent and growing threat to public health in Nepal. The epidemic in 2022 was the largest ever reported, with cases being reported in all of the country’s seven provinces and 77 districts. Despite the establishment of an early-warning and reporting system (EWARS) in 1997, the lack of clear criteria for alarm signals and outbreak definitions in national guidelines delayed the epidemic declaration in 2022, which resulted in an increased number of cases and fatalities. For this article, we analyzed national data from previous years, which demonstrate that an epidemic could have been declared early in July, and that that would have resulted in fewer cases and fatalities if clear criteria for outbreak declarations had also been put in place. We also reviewed the existing national guidelines for dengue prevention and control, and propose recommendations to improve their implementation, particularly with regard to vector control measures. This article also highlights the need for a coordinated effort between multisector stakeholders, strengthened disease surveillance systems, and the establishment of predefined alarm signals and epidemic declaration criteria so that future epidemics are identified in a timely manner. The early outbreak warning system can potentially prevent future large outbreaks and minimize their negative impacts on the country’s health systems and economy.
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