Multiparty work relationships in Europe: Introduction to this Special Section

and present a categorisation of multiparty work relationships. Beyond the various constructions amounting to a ‘ hiring-out ’ of workers to a user and those in which workers are used to provide a service to a third party, the authors identify a number of other situations in which workers depend, in one or other signi fi cant way, on more than one party. The contribution provides an overview and analysis of national-level regulation and case law with regard to temporary agency work, the outsourcing of labour or of services, umbrella organisations, platform work, payrolling, franchising, workers ’ co-operations, groups of companies and co-employment.