The universal and anomalous properties of the dynamics of ions in liquid, glassy, and crystalline ionic conductors

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the existence of a number of universal properties present in a wide variety of ionically conducting materials in the liquid, glassy and crystalline states. This remarkable finding deserves attention and explanation. Moreover these universal properties are at the same time anomalous. Progress in research and applications of ionic conductors is retarded without having given explanations or resolutions of these anomalous properties. Although the Coupling Model of the author have predictions that can explain these universal and anomalous properties of conductivity relaxation and ionic conductivity, it is highly desirable for other theories to participate in offering alternative explanations.