病毒作为补救:COVID-19和民粹主义元危机的结束

IF 0.3 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Populism Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI:10.1163/25888072-bja10057
M. Bitschnau
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引用次数: 0

摘要

民粹主义不仅被理解为对民主的挑战,而且被理解为一场危机,在过去十年的大部分时间里,民粹主义受到了媒体和学术界的广泛关注。然而,COVID-19的爆发及其升级为大流行在几周内掩盖了对民粹主义抬头的担忧:由于实施封锁和暂停公民自由,民粹主义失去了其威胁性,变成了纯粹的背景滋扰。我在这篇文章中认为,这是一个话语星座的结果,在这个星座中,一次只有一个主导危机的空间——我称之为元危机。民粹主义在很长一段时间内扮演了这个危机元角色,但COVID-19的冲击将社会的注意力转移到了一个更普遍、更直接的威胁上。虽然这并不意味着民粹主义的终结,但它仍然标志着我们赋予其相对重要性的显著转变。
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The Virus as Remedy: COVID-19 and the End of the Populist Meta-Crisis
Understood not only as a challenge to democracy but as a crisis, populism has received widespread attention in both media and academic circles for the better part of the past decade. Yet the outbreak of COVID-19 and its escalation into a pandemic eclipsed the fear of rising populism within weeks: With lockdowns imposed and civil liberties suspended, it lost its menacing character and became a mere background nuisance. This, I argue in this article, is the consequence of a discursive constellation in which there is only room for one dominant crisis – a meta-crisis as I call it – at a time. Populism filled this meta-crisis role for a long while, but the COVID-19 shock redirected society’s attention to a more pervasive and immediate threat. While this does not spell the end of populism, it still marks a notable shift in the relative importance we attribute to it.
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