Prevalence and molecular characteristics of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken meat sold at the modern and traditional markets in Jakarta, Indonesia

The use of antibiotics in veterinary and human treatment can cause the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria for β-lactam antibiotics. Worldwide, this resistance has become a growing concern in public health. Limited data are currently available regarding Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli in Indonesia. The current study determined the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL genes of E. coli in retail chicken meat and humans in Indonesia. Two hundred eighty retail chicken meat were randomly collected from various modern and traditional markets in Jakarta (70 retail sourced chicken meat from modern markets and 210 from traditional markets). The prevalence of E. coli from the chicken meat sold at traditional markets was 97.14%, which was significantly higher than those of the modern markets with 78.57 % (P < 0.05). The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chicken meat sold at traditional market was 40.47% and the modern market was 35.71 % and the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chicken meat was 38.09 %, which is significantly higher than those of the clinical sample (with average 5.57 %). The most predominant gene is blaTEM in 54.54 % as a single gene or mixed with other genes followed by blaCTX-M in 44.31 % and blaSHV gene was only found in three isolates in 1.13 %. This study found that isolates from both the broiler chicken meat and clinical samples were having the same molecular characteristics. It is speculated that there is a relationship between them. However, this needs to be substantiated further.