喀尔巴阡山地区灰林土壤抗侵蚀性的形成

IF 0.4 Q4 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Agricultural Science and Practice Pub Date : 2018-12-15 DOI:10.15407/AGRISP5.03.047
O. Kachmar, O. Vavrynovych, A. Dubytska, V. Ivaniuk
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目标在长期永久性试验条件下,研究多年生草本植物混合物对不同退化程度灰林土壤及其未改良类似物抗侵蚀性形成的影响。方法。现场、实验室、评估和比较。后果研究表明,羽扇豆-禾谷类混合料在未来几年内显著提高了坡面土壤的抗侵蚀性。土壤结构团聚体总量由满意提高到优良。防水骨料的数量也发生了积极变化。研究证实了豆科牧草对土壤密度和孔隙度的积极影响。多年生羽扇豆及其与禾谷类植物的混合物在斜坡铺设时土壤密度最低。土壤侵蚀的加剧和冲积层水平接近地表,导致上层土壤压实至1.29–1.44 g/cc。土壤的一般孔隙率与其密度相关,在上层侵蚀不良的土壤中,孔隙率不超过最佳值。研究证明了草坡铺设方式和土壤退化程度对其湿度和透水性的影响。在实验条件下,土壤退化程度的增加导致土壤水分的减少。与天然混合草本植物相比,羽扇豆禾谷类植物的生长强度和耗水量更高,尤其是在降水量较小的时期,农田湿度的降低是以羽扇豆谷类植物的高强度和耗水为代价的。上层土层的差异在0.2–0.5%之间。研究表明,在所有退化土壤变体中,羽扇豆-禾谷类混合物的土壤透水性最高。结论。在多年生羽扇豆中铺设坡地,与禾谷类草相结合,可以促进其对侵蚀过程的更高抵抗力的形成和肥力的恢复。多年生豆类-谷物混合物保证了土壤结构团聚体状态、总密度和孔隙率的改善,增强了土壤的供水和透水性。
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Formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils in the conditions of Carpathian region
Aim. To study the impact of perennial grasses mixtures on the formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils of different degradation degree and their unmodifi ed analogues in conditions of long-term permanent experiment. Methods. Field, laboratory, assessment and comparison. Results. It was established that lupine- cereal grass mixtures increased erosion resistance of slope soils considerably within fi fteen years. The sum of soil structural aggregates was improved from satisfactory into good category. There were positive changes in the number of water-resistant aggregates as well. The studies confi rmed a positive impact of legume-grasses on the density and porosity of soil. Soil density was the lowest when the slope was laid down in perennial lupine and its mixture with cereal grasses. The intensifi cation of soil erosion and the approximation of the illuvial horizon level to the surface resulted in the compaction of upper soil layers to 1.29–1.44 g/cc. General porosity of soil correlated with its density which did not exceed optimal values in poorly eroded soils in upper layers. The studies proved the impact of the ways of laying down the slope in grass and the level of soil degradation on its humidity and water permeability. In the experiment conditions, the increase in soil degradation led to the decrease in its moisture. The decrease in the content of humidity in crop fi eld took place at the expense of higher intensity of the growth and water consumption of lupine-cereal grasses in comparison with natural mixed herbs, especially in the periods with a small amount of precipitation. The difference in the upper soil layers was in the range of 0.2–0.5 %. It was established that the highest values of soil water permeability were formed on lupine-cereal grass mixtures in all the variants of degraded soils. Conclusions. Laying down slope lands in perennial lupine in combination with cereal grasses promotes the formation of their higher resistance to erosion processes and restoration of fertility. Perennial legume-cereal mixtures ensure the improvement of structural-aggregate state, total density and porosity of soil, enhance its water supply and water permeability.
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Agricultural Science and Practice
Agricultural Science and Practice AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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25.00%
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6
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