Investigation on Controlling Therapy of Bone Skeletal and Marrow Cancer: A Biophysical Chemistry and Molecular Dynamic Study of Bisphosphonates Interaction with Bone Structures

For more than four decades, the bisphosphonates family has been applied for osteoporosis and skeletal metastasis therapy. These drugs decrease the viability of cancer cells that are guided through the HER group of receptor tyrosine kinases. We discussed that bisphosphonates straightly bind to and inhibit HER kinases. In this study for docking a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate with human FPPS and a few other targets, the iGEMDOCK docking software has been used. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are mostly applied for bone treatment and also for the loss of skeletal disorders. The adsorption, retention, diffusion, and release of (NBPs) in bone are controlled by their affinities to such mineral compounds. Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for Ca2+ and therefore attack bone minerals, where they are internalized by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and inhibit osteoclast function. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs), including Alendronate, Zolendronate, Risedronic, Ibandronate, and Pamidronate, are functionalized as effective inhibitors of bone resorption diseases. It targets FPPS (osteoclast farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase) to inhibit protein prenylation. Generally, the strong interaction sequence is as follows Alendronate > Risedronic > Pamidronate > Zolendronate > Ibandronate, and this was because of strong electrostatic interactions between amine groups and phosphate ions.