乌克兰在联系国协定下的承诺:钢铁工业的挑战与机遇

IF 1.3 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Materiaux & Techniques Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI:10.1051/MATTECH/2018044
V. Shatokha
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引用次数: 2

摘要

钢铁行业占乌克兰工业增加值总额的四分之一,是该国经济的支柱。然而,由于对现代化的长期投资不足,该行业在很大程度上已经过时:70-80%的生产设施在其最终设计的开发期限之外仍在运行。技术落后,再加上过度开采铁矿石,造成了巨大的环境足迹。由于国内政治和社会经济因素以及全球范围内的激烈竞争,2017年钢铁产量创下历史新低。最近,欧盟成为乌克兰的主要贸易伙伴,2017年钢铁出口份额为32%。这种伙伴关系的模式将在欧盟-乌克兰联系国协定(自2017年9月1日起生效)的背景下逐步形成,该协定规定将一些对钢铁行业可能敏感的欧洲指令转换为乌克兰法律。本文分析了乌克兰钢铁行业的现状,重点分析了竞争力和环境影响。所进行的分析表明,联系国协议的短期影响可能使乌克兰钢铁制造商面临额外的成本;然而,遵守欧盟法规的必要性被视为一个重要因素,促使钢铁行业实现现代化,并从长远来看,提高其经济表现和增强竞争力。
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Ukraine’s commitments under Association Agreement: challenges and opportunities for the steel industry
The steel sector stands for a quarter of Ukraine’s industrial gross value added and is a backbone of the country’s economy. However, owing to lastingly insufficient investments to modernisation, the industry is largely obsolete: 70–80% of the production facilities are in operation beyond their final designed term of exploitation. Technology backwardness, coupled with excessive iron ore mining, results in an enormous environmental footprint. Owing to the domestic political and socioeconomic factors and severe competition on the global scale, the steel output hit its historic low in 2017. Recently, the EU became major Ukraine’s trade partner with steel export share of 32% in 2017. Modalities of this partnership will be gradually shaped in context of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (entered into force since 01.09.2017), which stipulates transposition into Ukrainian law of some European directives, potentially sensitive for the iron and steel sector. In this paper, the current state of Ukraine’s steel industry was analysed, focusing competitiveness and environmental impact. The analysis performed reveals that short-term implications of the Association Agreement may expose the Ukrainian steelmakers to additional costs; however, the need to comply with the EU regulations is seen as an important factor, motivating the steel industry to modernise and, in the long-term, improve its economic performance and reinforce competitiveness.
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来源期刊
Materiaux & Techniques
Materiaux & Techniques MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
11.10%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: Matériaux & Techniques informs you, through high-quality and peer-reviewed research papers on research and progress in the domain of materials: physical-chemical characterization, implementation, resistance of materials in their environment (properties of use, modelling)... The journal concerns all materials, metals and alloys, nanotechnology, plastics, elastomers, composite materials, glass or ceramics. This journal for materials scientists, chemists, physicists, ceramicists, engineers, metallurgists and students provides 6 issues per year plus a special issue. Each issue, in addition to scientific articles on specialized topics, also contains selected technical news (conference announcements, new products etc.).
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