Leiomyomatosis peritonealisis disseminata resembling intra-abdominal malignancy

Leiomyomatosis peritonealisis disseminata (LPD) is a rare benign tumor characterized by the dissemination of smooth muscle-like cell nodules within the peritoneal cavity. Diagnosing LPD is challenging for clinicians due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and its dissemination throughout the peritoneal cavity, which mimics intra-abdominal malignancy. In the present study, we present the case of a 47-year-old woman with severe abdominal pain and fever initially diagnosed with intra-abdominal abscess or peritoneal carcinomatosis. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to resect several leiomyoma-like tumors in the subperitoneal space. LPD was confirmed histopathologically.