俄罗斯北极科学外交:理论与实践

M. Gutenev, A. Sergunin
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引用次数: 2

摘要

北极科学外交是俄罗斯学术界和政界一个相对较新的话题,也是一个尖锐的问题。对于科学外交的利益相关者、工具和活动,既没有明确的概念定义,也没有达成共识。本文重点介绍了俄罗斯关于ASD概念的主要方法。第一种方法将ASD视为区域参与者的软实力工具。科学外交有助于提升特定国家的积极形象,并获得国家行为者通常无法获得的非国家资源。ASD的技术/工具主义方法包括利用区域、国家和社会之间的学术和科学技术合作,在非意识形态的基础上建立可靠的国际伙伴关系,并解决普遍重大的世界问题。第三个方向将ASD视为一种新外交形式,其战略目标不仅是与所有北极国家建立友好合作关系,而且是发展国际科学合作,提高俄罗斯的国际形象。这一分析有助于解释ASD的战略动机和驱动力,并确定俄罗斯ASD的利益相关者和关键形式。据证实,ASD的大多数参与者都认为,为确保北极的可持续发展而进行的国际科学合作可以成为解决该地区最严重问题以及改善西方国家与俄罗斯当前关系的有效机制。作者认为,俄罗斯在很大程度上成功地形成了实现其ASD战略和战术目标的必要平台。这些平台既包括国家平台(国际论坛“北极:对话领域”和“北极:现在和未来”),也包括积极利用国际平台(“北极前沿”、“极地圈”和“极地科学峰会周”)和机构间常设委员会、,国际北极社会科学协会(IASSA)和极地早期职业科学家协会(APECS)。
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Russia’s arctic science diplomacy: theory and practice
Arctic science diplomacy (ASD) is both a relatively new topic and an acute issue in Russian academic and political circles. There is neither a clear definition of the concept nor a consensus on the stakeholders, tools, and activities of science diplomacy. This article focuses on the main approaches in Russia in relation to the concept of ASD. The first approach considers ASD as a soft power tool of regional players. Science diplomacy helps to promote a positive image of specific states and to gain access to non-state resources that are usually inaccessible to state actors. A technical/instrumentalist approach to ASD involves the use of academic and scientific-technical cooperation between regions, countries, and societies to create reliable international partnerships on a non-ideological basis and to solve generally significant world problems. The third direction considers ASD as a form of new diplomacy, the strategic goal of which is not only to build friendly relations and cooperation with all Arctic countries, but also to develop international scientific cooperation and improve the international image of Russia. This analysis makes it possible to explain the strategic motives and driving forces of ASD and to identify the stakeholders and key forms of Russia’s ASD. It is established that the majority of the participants of ASD share the idea that international scientific cooperation in order to ensure the sustainable development of the Arctic can become an effective mechanism for solving the most acute problems of the region, as well as for improving the current relations of Western countries with Russia. The authors believe that Russia has largely managed to form the necessary platforms for the implementation of both strategic and tactical goals of its ASD. These platforms include both national platforms (the international forum “The Arctic: The Territory of Dialogue” and “The Arctic: Present and Future”) and the active use of international platforms (“Arctic Frontiers,” “Polar Circle,” and “Arctic Science Summit Week”) and organizations such as the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA), and the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS).
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CiteScore
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33.30%
发文量
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期刊介绍: The journal mission is to disseminate Russian and international research in global governance, international cooperation on a wide range of social and economic policies; as well as to create a professional framework for discussion of trends and prognoses in these areas. International Organisations Research Journal publishes academic and analytical papers of Russian and international authors on activities of international multilateral institutions: G8, G20, BRICS, OECD, the World Bank, IMF, WTO, UN, and alliances: European Union, Eurasian Economic Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and others. Analytical and research papers on international cooperation in higher education, trends in higher education developments at the national, regional and global levels are welcomed for reviewing and publication. The journal is aimed at researchers, analysts, practitioners in international affairs and world economics and at a wide audience interested in political issues of international affairs and global development. IORJ supports publications of graduate and postgraduate students, young researchers in Russia and abroad. All IORJ publications are peer-reviewed.
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