以任务为基础的方法训练未来的教师-音乐家与学习者的创造性工作

J. ran
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摘要

文章揭示了在艺术学科未来教师专业培训中实施问题教学法的特殊性。研究采用了科学研究的系统化、心理学和教育学文献分析、教学任务分类等方法。论证了教学任务在教师创新创造活动中的主导作用,分析了教学任务对实施教学创新,为学生提供生产性教育的重要意义。教学任务被定义为旨在改变现实的有意义的教学情境,是学生实现某些教育目标的活动手段。科学的立场得到了证实:教学问题的解决是在教学思维的理论和实践类型的复杂互动的辩证过程中得到保证的。本文在对科学资料进行概括的基础上,提出了构建小学生音乐与创造性任务的要求:考虑学习者发展的心理生理特点;音乐素材的复杂性与可及性之最优性独创性:用于物质表现形式的独创性;任务的艺术内容的信息量。提出了基于问题导向的学生音乐家启发式活动的组织原则:整体性、信息性、技术性、问题性、可整合性、可变性。他们的重要性是在对学生进行实际音乐和创造性工作的专业培训的背景下确定的。从而证明了高等学校在与儿童一起工作的艺术活动过程中,有能力创造,能够找到新的创作手段,原创和高效的音乐与创作互动的形式和方法的专业教师人格形成的责任。
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Task-based approach in the training of future teachers-musicians to creative work with learners
The article reveals the peculiarities of the implementation of the problem-based approach in the professional training of future teachers of Art disciplines. The methods of systematization of scientific research, analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, classification of pedagogical tasks are used for research. The author proves the leading role of pedagogical tasks in the innovative and creative activity of the teacher, analyses their essential importance for the implementation of pedagogical innovations to provide for the productive education of students. A pedagogical task is defined as a meaningful pedagogical situation aimed at transforming reality, as a means of student activity to achieve certain educational goals. The scientific position is substantiated: the solution to the pedagogical problem is ensured by the dialectical processes of pedagogical thinking being in a complex interaction of its theoretical and practical types. Basing on generalisation of scientific material, the article formulates the requirements for the construction of musical and creative tasks for elementary school students: taking into account the psycho-physiological features of the development of learners; optimality of the ratio between complexity and accessibility of musical material; originality of the form used for material representation; informativeness of the artistic content of the task. The author formulates the principles of organizing the heuristic activity of students-musicians based on the problem-based approach: integrity, informativeness, technological capability, problematicity, integrability, variability. Their importance is determined in the context of professional training of students in practical musical and creative work with a schoolchildren team. Thus, the author proved the responsibility of the higher school for the personality formation of a professional teacher, capable of creativity, able to find new creative means, original and highly productive forms and methods of musical and creative interaction in the process of artistic activity while working with children.
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