论格鲁吉亚诗歌的特点

IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Studia Metrica et Poetica Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI:10.12697/smp.2021.8.2.03
T. Lomidze
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对格鲁吉亚诗歌特征的研究始于1731年。从那时起,一些研究人员将格鲁吉亚诗歌描述为音节诗,而另一些研究人员则认为它是音节诗。关于格鲁吉亚诗歌特征的争论在20世纪变得尤为尖锐。争议参与者分析的主要文本是12世纪格鲁吉亚的一首著名诗歌——Shota Rustaveli的《黑豹皮骑士》。它由16个音节的单韵绝句组成,在格鲁吉亚语中有一个特殊的名字——shairi。沙艾里有两个变种,即所谓的高沙艾里(4 4 4 4)和低沙艾里。高等学校是这场争论的主要问题。认为格鲁吉亚韵文属于音节系统的研究人员将高沙伊里分为韵律脚,而音节理论的支持者则否认高沙伊里存在韵律韵律重音,认为倒数第二个音节只能在两个音节的单词中重音,而不能在有多个音节的词中重音(由于现代格鲁吉亚语中典型的指重音)。由于自然指重音(在低沙伊里语中发现)反映了后期语言的重音规范(包括现代格鲁吉亚语的重音规范),我们认为在现代格鲁吉亚语中不再存在的高沙伊里的度量重音可能反映了格鲁吉亚语发展中相对较早时期的自然重音。通过查阅相关语言学文献对这一假设进行检验,我们重建了《黑豹皮骑士》中押韵词中古老的可移动重音和语音相关重音。我们发现,这首史诗中的高低沙依里的度量重音实际上都是古老的语言重音。这一结论不同于先前提出的概念中所表达的观点。它使我们能够重新审视《黑豹皮骑士》的度量标准和韵律,以及格鲁吉亚诗歌的主要原则和特点。
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On the Character of Georgian Verse
Research on the character of Georgian verse started in 1731. Since that time, some researchers have described Georgian verse as syllabic, while others have said that it is syllabotonic. The dispute about the character of Georgian verse became particularly acute in the 20th century. The main text the participants in the dispute analysed was a prominent piece of Georgian poetry of the 12th century – The Knight in the Panther’s Skin by Shota Rustaveli. It consists of 16-syllable monorhymical quatrains that have a special name in Georgian – shairi. There are two varieties of shairi – the so-called high shairi (4 4 4 4) and low shairi (5 3 5 3). The high shairi was the main issue of the dispute. The researchers who regarded Georgian verse as belonging to the syllabotonic system divided high shairi into trochaic feet, while the supporters of the syllabic theory denied the presence of metric trochaic stress in high shairi, believing that the penultimate syllables can be stressed only in two-syllable words but not in words with multiple syllables (due to the dactylic accentuation typical in the modern Georgian language). Since natural dactylic stress (found in low shairi) reflects the accentuation norms of the language of the later period (including those of modern Georgian), we assume that metric stress in high shairi, which is no longer found in modern Georgian speech, could be a reflection of the natural accentuation of the comparatively earlier period in the development of the Georgian language. Checking this hypothesis by relying on relevant linguistic literature, we reconstructed the archaic movable and phonologically relevant stress in the rhymed words in The Knight in the Panther’s Skin. We found that metric stresses of both high and low shairi in this epic poem are actually archaic linguistic stresses. This conclusion differs from the views expressed in concepts developed earlier. It enables us to take a fresh look at the metrics and rhymes of The Knight in the Panther’s Skin as well as the main principles and specific features of Georgian verse in general.
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来源期刊
Studia Metrica et Poetica
Studia Metrica et Poetica LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
16.70%
发文量
6
审稿时长
16 weeks
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