新西兰豆类研究与推广综述(1990-2022)

IF 1.8 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI:10.1071/CP22237
D. Moot
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在过去的30年里,豆类支撑了新西兰羊和牛肉农场的转型变化。这是通过强调以苜蓿或红三叶草为主的牧场为基础的母羊营养,以及在不可耕种的山区增加使用地下和白三叶草。断奶前和断奶后羔羊的生长率有所提高,从而能够更早地屠宰较重的羔羊。农场系统的结果包括更高的配种猪数、更高的产羔率和更高的母羊效率(千克断奶羔羊/千克配种母羊)。支持豆类使用的推广方案比较了驻地牧场和豆科牧场的生长速度,对成功农场进行了经济分析,并对不同环境下最适合豆类的管理方案进行了分析。在同一时期,在坎特伯雷平原平坦的灌溉土地上,奶牛的数量和面积迅速扩大。随着氮肥用量的线性增加,多年生黑麦草的缺氮得到了克服。这种强化引起的环境问题导致了每年190公斤/公顷的法定氮上限。这一点,加上最近尿素价格翻了三倍,重新引起了人们对增加这些牧场白三叶含量的关注。通过使用不同的牧场,种植豆科植物、草本植物和<8公斤/公顷的多年生黑麦草,可以最大限度地减少氮肥的施用。对其他豆类的研究,包括一年生和浓缩单宁的豆类,迄今为止未能在大多数田园环境中增加它们的使用,除了适应南岛高地高铝土壤的多年生豆科植物。
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A review of legume research and extension in New Zealand (1990–2022)
ABSTRACT Legumes have underpinned transformational change on New Zealand sheep and beef farms over the last 30 years. This was through an emphasis on ewe nutrition based on lucerne or red clover dominant pastures, and increased use of subterranean and white clovers on uncultivatable hill country. Pre- and post-weaning lamb growth rates have increased, and enabled earlier slaughter of heavier lambs. The farm systems results include greater numbers of hoggets mated, higher lambing percentages and greater ewe efficiency (kg lamb weaned/kg ewe mated). Extension packages to support legume use have compared growth rates of resident and legume-based pastures, economic analyses of successful farms and management packages for the most appropriate legume in different environments. Over the same period, the dairy industry rapidly expanded in cow numbers and area onto flat irrigated land on the Canterbury Plains. The nitrogen deficiency of perennial ryegrass was overcome by a linear increase in nitrogen fertiliser use. Environmental concerns from this intensification has led to a legislated nitrogen cap of 190 kg/ha.year. This, coupled with a recent trebling in urea price, has returned attention to increasing the white clover content of these pastures. Nitrogen applications can be minimised by using diverse pastures sown with a legume, herb and <8 kg/ha of perennial ryegrass. Work on other legumes, including annuals and those with condensed tannins, has to date failed to increase their use in most pastoral settings, with the exception of the perennial lupin which is adapted to high-aluminium soils in the South Island High Country.
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来源期刊
Crop & Pasture Science
Crop & Pasture Science AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
15.80%
发文量
111
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Crop and Pasture Science (formerly known as Australian Journal of Agricultural Research) is an international journal publishing outcomes of strategic research in crop and pasture sciences and the sustainability of farming systems. The primary focus is broad-scale cereals, grain legumes, oilseeds and pastures. Articles are encouraged that advance understanding in plant-based agricultural systems through the use of well-defined and original aims designed to test a hypothesis, innovative and rigorous experimental design, and strong interpretation. The journal embraces experimental approaches from molecular level to whole systems, and the research must present novel findings and progress the science of agriculture. Crop and Pasture Science is read by agricultural scientists and plant biologists, industry, administrators, policy-makers, and others with an interest in the challenges and opportunities facing world agricultural production. Crop and Pasture Science is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.
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