Instability of Dust Acoustic Waves in a Dusty Plasma with Dust Charge Variations and Two Different Temperatures for Both Electrons and Ions

The dispersion relation and instability of dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma with two different temperatures for ions, two different temperatures for electrons, and dust charge fluctuations are investigated. Ions and electrons are assumed to be Maxwellian distributed. The orbital limited motion theory (OLM) is used to derive dust charge fluctuations. The conditions for the instability are found to be significantly modified by the effects of two different temperatures of ions (electrons), dust charge fluctuations, density ratio of ions and density ratio of electrons. Furthermore, it is observed that there is only damping rate in such dusty plasma.