《几乎死亡:大西洋黑人城市的奴隶制和社会再生》,1680–1807,迈克尔·迪金森(评论)

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1353/jer.2023.a897991
Sophie Hess
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引用次数: 1

摘要

出版的关于前奴隶的叙述是现存奴隶制最全面、最详细的叙述。这些资料也会在学者之间引发棘手的争论。这些文本通常是与反奴隶制运动合作撰写和出版的,有时会因为它们可能扭曲奴役经历的方式而受到质疑。在《几乎死亡:1680-1807年黑人城市大西洋的奴隶制和社会重生》一书中,迈克尔·狄金森巧妙地面对这些批评,主张历史学家将奴隶制叙事视为“有价值的历史证据”,与白人作家相比,这些叙事受到了“不成比例的审查”(7)。狄金森选择以这些叙事为中心是强有力的。其结果是深入研究和以人为中心的个人和社区生存在强迫迁移和重新安置在整个大西洋世界的叙述。这本书的标题颠覆了奥兰多·帕特森的社会死亡理论,社会死亡是奴隶主通过家庭分离、改名和其他疏远行为来控制奴隶的一种策略帕特森认为被奴役的人受到这种暴力的永久伤害,而迪金森则扩展了斯蒂芬妮·斯莫尔伍德和文森特·布朗等学者的研究,他们以社会死亡为出发点。虽然奴役无疑是一种破裂的经历,但这些学者认为,尽管面临社会死亡的威胁,被奴役的人为了生存而努力适应和维持照顾网络。虽然其他作品涉及重生的作品更密切地关注于束缚的特定地点或空间,但《几乎死亡》将重生描述为一个地理和时间的过程,这个过程是随着奴隶被迫跨越海洋路线和港口城市之间迁移而发展起来的。狄金森的文本以运动为中心。这本书考察了中间航道,以及桥镇、金斯顿和费城之间的旅程,考虑到这些城市在贸易网络中的中心地位。狄金森指出,费城传统上被早期美国学者视为“黑人自由的中心”,也必须理解
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Almost Dead: Slavery and Social Rebirth in the Black Urban Atlantic, 1680–1807 by Michael Dickinson (review)
The published narratives of former bondspeople are some of the most comprehensive and detailed accounts of slavery in existence. These sources can also provoke thorny debates among scholars. Often written and published in collaboration with antislavery movements, these texts have sometimes been questioned for the ways that they might distort experiences of enslavement. In Almost Dead: Slavery and Social Rebirth in the Black Urban Atlantic, 1680–1807, Michael Dickinson skillfully confronts these critiques, arguing for historians to regard enslavement narratives as “worthwhile historical evidence,” which have received “disproportionate scrutiny” in comparison with white authors (7). Dickinson’s choice to center these narratives is power ful. What results is a deeply researched and personcentered narrative of individual and community survival amid forced migrations and resettlements throughout the Atlantic world. The book’s title subverts Orlando Patterson’s theory of social death, a tactic of control employed by enslavers through family separations, name changes, and other acts of alienation.1 While Patterson saw enslaved people as permanently damaged by this vio lence, Dickinson expands on the work of scholars like Stephanie Smallwood and Vincent Brown, who use social death as a point of departure. Although enslavement was doubtlessly an experience of rupture, these scholars have suggested that despite the threat of social death, enslaved people fought to adapt and maintain networks of care in order to survive. While others whose work touches upon rebirth have focused more closely on specific locations or spaces of bondage, Almost Dead characterizes rebirth as a geographic and temporal pro cess that developed as bondspeople were forced to migrate across oceanic routes and between port cities. Dickinson’s text centers movement. The book examines the Middle Passage, as well as journeys between Bridgetown, Kingston, and Philadelphia, considering these cities for their centrality to trade networks. Philadelphia, which Dickinson notes has been traditionally thought of by early Americanists as “a hub of black freedom,” also must be understood
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来源期刊
CiteScore
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发文量
70
期刊介绍: The Journal of the Early Republic is a quarterly journal committed to publishing the best scholarship on the history and culture of the United States in the years of the early republic (1776–1861). JER is published for the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic. SHEAR membership includes an annual subscription to the journal.
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