Royal jelly improved tramadol-induced testicular dysfunction in male albino rats

Background Nowadays, there are many benefits and adverse effects of tramadol. Aim This study evaluates the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on tramadol-induced testicular toxicity, sperm changes, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes in male albino rats. Methods Forty male albino rats in the experimental randomized study design were classified into four groups and were treated for 4 weeks. Control group, tramadol-treated group, tramadol plus RJ-treated group, and RJ-treated group. Assessment of reproductive hormones, antioxidants, semen analysis, and histopathological examinations of all groups was done. Results Administration of RJ with tramadol in male albino rats ameliorates testicular toxicity, sperm abnormalities, and oxidative stress, and improves histopathological changes induced by tramadol administration. Conclusions RJ may counteract the toxic testicular effect of tramadol in male albino rats, so we can use it widely in reproductive health and male infertility.