Protective Effects of Royal Jelly against Hepatorenal Toxicity Induced by Deltamethrin in Male Albino Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological Studies.

Competing interest: The authors have declared that no competing exists. Abstract Deltamethrin (DM) is one of the most environmental and industrial pollutants that are toxic to humans, animals, fishes, and birds. The most common sources of human and animal exposure to deltamethrin (DM) are polluted water and food . This study was done to evaluate the nephrohepatic toxicity of deltamethrin. Twenty-four male rats were used. The first group was used as a control. The second and third groups were given deltamethrin orally in a dose of 1/10 % of the LD50 equal to 0.6mg\kg bwt alone plus royal jelly (RJ) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for two months, respectively. Oral administration of DM-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. DM toxicity exhibited changes in the liver and kidney function tests manifested by an increase in AST, ALT, urea, uric acid and creatinine with no changes noticed in plasma proteins when compared to the control group. Giving RJ ameliorated the hepatorenal toxicity by causing recovery in both liver and kidney functions in comparison to DM given group. Pathologically, severe degenerative and necrotic changes in livers and kidneys were present in the deltamethrin group, where it improved to moderate to mild lesions with a protective royal gel substance. This study concluded that royal gel substance has been shown to benefit in lower down the side effects and increasing the rate of improvement of injury induced by deltamethrin.