《印度尼西亚共和国宪法》修正案后人民协商会议的权力和地位的变化

Rozalina Vasilevna Shagieva, Rohim Nur
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引用次数: 5

摘要

1945年《宪法》修正后,印度尼西亚共和国人民协商会议的权力和立场发生了转变。此前,MPR是最高的国家机构,但在那之后,它与其他高级国家机构一样只是一个高级机构。与世界议会模式相比,MPR的地位类似于俄罗斯联邦议会或美国国会,后者是上议院和下议院的联合机构。但MPR的独特之处在于,它不仅是一个联合机构,而且有自己的职责和职能。本研究采用定性方法,采用法定和文献方法。研究结果表明,1945年宪法修正案后,MPR的权力和立场发生了几次转变。其中包括不再是最高国家机构,只是一个联合机构,但仍有自己的职责,没有被授权制定国家政策大纲,不再被授权选举总统和副总统,以及罢免总统和副主席的严格权力。关键词:人民协商会议;和权威位置1945年宪法。摘要:1945年美国宪法修改后,印度尼西亚人民共和国特许委员会的权力和地位发生了转变。MPR以前是该国最高的机构,但后来它与该国其他高等机构一样高。与世界议会模式相比,MPR的地位类似于俄罗斯联邦委员会或美国国会,后者成为高层和底层的联合机构。但独特的MPR不同,它不仅仅是一个合并机构,它拥有单独的任务和职能。本研究采用了定性方法,包括邀请和文献方法。研究结果表明,自1945年美国发生变化以来,MPR的权威和地位发生了一些变化。其中包括不再是国家最高级别的机构,仅仅是一个具有永久职能和自治权的联合机构,没有组建国家高层的权力,没有选举总统和副总统的权力,以及辞去总统和副主席职务的严格权力。关键词:公民社会理事会;当局;位置1945年美国宪法。
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Изменения полномочий и положения Народного консультативного конгресса после внесения поправок в Конституцию Республики Индонезии (Shifting Authority and Position of the People's Consultative Assembly after the Amendment to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia)
After the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, there was a shift in the authority and position of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia. Previously the MPR was the highest state institution, but after that it was only a high institution like other high state institutions. The position of the MPR when compared to the world parliament model, is similar to the Russian Federal Assembly or the Congress in the United States which is a joint institution between the upper house and lower house. But uniquely the MPR is different, it is not only a joint institution, but has the authority with its own duties and functions. This study uses a qualitative method, with a statutory and literature approach. The results of the study stated that there were several shifts in the authority and position of the MPR after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution. Among them were no longer being the highest state institution, only being a joint institution while still having its own duties and functions, not authorized to form the Outlines of State Policy, no longer authorized elect the president and vice president, and rigid authority to dismiss the president and vice president.Keywords: People's Consultative Assembly; Authority; position; The 1945 Constitution. Abstrak:Pasca perubahan Konstitusi UUD 1945 maka terjadi pergeseran kewenangan dan kedudukan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. Sebelumnya MPR menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara namun setelahnya ia hanyalah lembaga tinggi sebagaimana lembaga tinggi negara lainnya. Kedudukan MPR bila dibandingkan dengan model parlemen dunia, mirip dengan Majelis Federal Rusia atau Konggres di Amerika Serika yang menjadi lembaga gabungan antara majelis tinggi dan majelis rendah. Namun uniknya MPR berbeda, ia tidak hanya menjadi lembaga gabungan, tetapi memiliki kewenangan dengan tugas dan fungsi tersendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan literature. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terjadi beberapa pergeseran wewenang dan kedudukan MPR pasca perubahan UUD 1945. Diantaranya adalah tidak lagi menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara, hanya menjadi lembaga gabungan dengan tetap memilik tugas dan fungsi tersendiri, tidak berwenang membentuk Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara, tidak lagi berwenang memilih presiden dan wakil presiden, dan kewenangan rigid dalam memberhentikan presiden dan wakil presiden.Kata Kunci: Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat; Kewenangan; Kedudukan; Konstitusi UUD 1945. 
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