Calculating the number of direct lightning strokes to tall structures using leader progression model and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm

ABSTRACT In this paper, an approach based on a combination of leader progression model and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is proposed to calculate the number of direct lightning strokes to tall structures. Here, beside high accuracy, computing time is reduced. This method can be applied to compare lightning vulnerability of different points on tall structures. In the proposed approach, the riskiest position and current range of lightning corresponding to vulnerable points on the structure are determined one after another. The lightning performance of three tall adjacent structures in Kuala Lumpur is evaluated as a case study, and the results were compared with those of previous studies. The simulation results confirm the merits of the proposed method.