Mathematical modelling of follicular growth and ovarian stimulation

The aim of ovarian stimulation in fertility treatment is to increase the number of large follicles and hence the number of eggs that can be retrieved for in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, large inter- and intra-individual variability in the menstrual cycle and ovarian response to stimulation drugs complicate treatment planning and prediction. Hence, many mathematical models have been developed to support treatment decisions. In this article, we give an overview of mechanistic models that cover different aspects of the processes involved in normal menstrual cycles and ovarian stimulation, including hormonal regulation and follicular maturation. We also review statistical models that have been designed to predict different IVF outcome criteria. Finally, we outline the use of mathematical models for in-silico clinical trials in reproductive endocrinology.