网络中的相互学习:通过拼凑令人困惑的事实来构建理论

IF 3.1 Q2 MANAGEMENT Research in Organizational Behavior Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.riob.2022.100175
Ray E. Reagans
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引用次数: 2

摘要

组织学习研究是基于这样一种观点,即个人在一起比单独学习能学得更多。组织成员之间的网络连接使他们能够参与到一个相互学习的过程中,通过这个过程,他们可以分享他们的发现,并有可能以更快的速度学习和提高他们的绩效。现有的研究强调了网络结构在促进相互学习中的重要性,当不熟悉的任务很复杂时,一个集中的网络有望改善学习和表现。一个不熟悉的复杂任务的例子是新产品开发。新产品的特性以及这些特性应该如何组合是未知的。在集中式网络中,成员连接到一个焦点个人,但彼此断开。这种脱节促进了个人的探索和实验,增加了发现更好的解决方案的可能性。为了理解当一个不熟悉的任务很复杂时,网络集中化如何影响相互学习和绩效,本章提供了一个理论构建练习。这项工作的动机是一个相互矛盾的经验结果。最近的研究表明,对于一个复杂的任务,在分散网络中学习的个体,一个包含相对大量的直接和间接关系的网络,可以胜过在集中网络中学习的个体。这种做法相当于对实证结果感到困惑。把这些碎片放在一起表明,相互学习的需求可以在集中或分散的网络中得到满足。此外,沟通时机似乎很关键。当人际关系之间的沟通延迟时,在分散的网络中工作的个人可以探索各种各样的想法,同时保持利用已被证明的想法的能力。当跨连接的通信没有延迟时,集中式网络会产生更好的结果。理论构建的结果表明了一种偶然性:复杂任务的理想网络可能取决于网络连接之间的通信速率。
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Mutual learning in networks: Building theory by piecing together puzzling facts

Organizational learning research is based on the idea that individuals can learn more together than alone. Network connections between members of an organization allow them to engage in a mutual learning process whereby they share what they discover and potentially learn and improve their performance at a faster rate. Existing research highlights the importance of network structure in facilitating mutual learning, with a centralized network expected to improve learning and performance when the unfamiliar assignment is complex. An example of an unfamiliar complex assignment is new product development. The features of a new product and how those features should be combined are unknown. In a centralized network, members are connected to a focal individual but disconnected from each other. The disconnects facilitate individual search and experimentation, increasing the odds that a superior solution will be discovered. To understand how network centralization affects mutual learning and performance when an unfamiliar assignment is complex, this chapter offers a theory-building exercise. The exercise is motivated by a conflicting empirical result. Recent research indicates that for a complex task, individuals learning in a decentralized network, a network that contains a relatively large number of direct and indirect relationships, can outperform individuals learning in a centralized network. The exercise amounts to puzzling through the empirical results. Putting the pieces together suggests that the requirements for mutual learning can be met in either a centralized or decentralized network. Moreover, communication timing appears to be critical. When communication across relationships is delayed, individuals working in a decentralized network can explore a diverse set of ideas while maintaining the ability to exploit a proven idea. When communication across connections is not delayed, a centralized network produces better outcomes. The results of the theory-building exercise suggest a contingency: the ideal network for a complex assignment could depend on the rate of communication across network connections.

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来源期刊
Research in Organizational Behavior
Research in Organizational Behavior Psychology-Social Psychology
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
4
期刊介绍: Research in Organizational Behavior publishes commissioned papers only, spanning several levels of analysis, and ranging from studies of individuals to groups to organizations and their environments. The topics encompassed are likewise diverse, covering issues from individual emotion and cognition to social movements and networks. Cutting across this diversity, however, is a rather consistent quality of presentation. Being both thorough and thoughtful, Research in Organizational Behavior is commissioned pieces provide substantial contributions to research on organizations. Many have received rewards for their level of scholarship and many have become classics in the field of organizational research.
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