美国华盛顿州奥林匹克半岛渐新世碳氢化合物渗漏石灰岩中棘皮动物的大规模出现

IF 2 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geological Magazine Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI:10.1017/S0016756823000067
S. Müller, A. Kroh, D. Birgel, J. Goedert, S. Kiel, Jörn Peckmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:在美国华盛顿州布尔曼溪河口附近的海滩阶地上采集了一个新发现的Makah组渐新世下Jansen溪段碳氢化合物渗漏矿床的松散石灰岩块体。石灰岩主要由自生碳酸盐相组成,包括贫13C的纤维水泥,形成带状和乳白色晶体聚集体,δ13C值低至–23.5‰。从石灰岩中提取的脂质产生了厌氧甲烷营养古菌(ANME)的分子化石,主要由ANME-2/DSS群落的化合物组成,δ13C值低至−106‰,表明形成于古代甲烷渗漏处。渗漏沉积物的化石存量非常可观,几乎完全由棘皮动物遗骸组成,而典型的渗漏生物群则不存在。棘皮动物化石的不同保存表明,有证据证实,古代渗漏处的高流体流动可能是棘皮动物死亡后移位的原因。尽管无法对棘皮动物进行完整的分类描述,但除了一个规则的棘皮动物外,几乎所有化石都被分配到一个不规则的铲状动物分类单元。Bullman Creek棘皮动物渗漏沉积物中不规则铲状动物的丰度和生活方式类似于法国上侏罗纪渗漏沉积物中的Tithonia oxfordiana化石和墨西哥湾现代渗漏中现存的Sarsiaster griegii化石。Bullman Creek棘皮动物矿床可能代表了墨西哥湾Sarsiaster大规模发生的化石类似物,这表明铲状棘皮动物对基于化学合成的生态系统的适应至少可以追溯到最早的渐新世。
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Mass occurrence of echinoids in an Oligocene hydrocarbon-seep limestone from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA
Abstract Loose limestone blocks of a newly recognized hydrocarbon-seep deposit from the lower Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Formation were collected on a beach terrace close to the mouth of Bullman Creek in Washington State, USA. The limestone consists largely of authigenic carbonate phases, including 13C-depleted fibrous cement forming banded and botryoidal crystal aggregates with δ13C values as low as –23.5 ‰. Lipids extracted from the limestone yielded molecular fossils of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), dominated by compounds of an ANME-2/DSS consortium with δ13C values as low as −106 ‰, indicating formation at an ancient methane seep. The fossil inventory of the seep deposit is remarkable, consisting almost solely of echinoid remains, whereas typical seep biota are absent. Varying preservation of the echinoid fossils indicates parautochthonous deposition, corroborated by evidence for high fluid flow at the ancient seep, possibly responsible for displacement of echinoids after death. Although a full taxonomic description of the echinoids cannot be given, almost all fossils were assigned to one taxon of irregular spatangoids, except for a single regular echinoid. Abundance and lifestyle of the irregular spatangoids in the Bullman Creek echinoid seep deposit resemble those of the fossil Tithonia oxfordiana from an upper Jurassic seep deposit in France and extant Sarsiaster griegii from modern seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. The Bullman Creek echinoid deposit probably represents a fossil analogue of the Gulf of Mexico Sarsiaster mass occurrence, indicating that the adaptation of spatangoid echinoids to chemosynthesis-based ecosystems ranges back at least to the earliest Oligocene.
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来源期刊
Geological Magazine
Geological Magazine 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
111
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Geological Magazine, established in 1864, is one of the oldest and best-known periodicals in earth sciences. It publishes original scientific papers covering the complete spectrum of geological topics, with high quality illustrations. Its worldwide circulation and high production values, combined with Rapid Communications and Book Review sections keep the journal at the forefront of the field. This journal is included in the Cambridge Journals open access initiative, Cambridge Open Option.
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